U.S. Army personnel fabricating misinformation

Army Research Office North Carolina U.S. Army Research Laboratory and U.S. Army personnel is fabricating misinformation and lies between and against each other about a civilian as an attempt to blackmail slander each other to target a civilian with hate crime and death threats - the impersonators involved in the U.S. Army and Fort Gordon and Aberdeen Proving Ground personnel to target a civilian using US Army Aberdeen Proving Ground and Fort Gordon military signals satellite system to communicate, conduct hate crime, fraud and abuse, and spam broadcast hate speech messages to civilian target's auditory neural system by radio signals, targeted at place of private dwelling, public roads and private and on public property

U.S. Army Contracting Command-Aberdeen Proving Ground Research Triangle Park Division P. O. BOX 12211 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2211 Contract W911NF-08-1-0148 civilian fraud abuse Durham North Carolina aro.army.mil Report ARO-54228-LS-MUR Silent Spatialized Communication rightwing researchers bigotry racism hate speech broadcasting using satellite radio signals from using Aberdeen Proving Ground hategroup electrical computer engineers cognitive laboratory spamming hate speech conducting hate crime with gigahertz signals electromagnetics vulnerability hate crime usamraa.army.mil mrmc-www.army.mil Congressional Directed Medical Research Programs (CDMRP) fraud intent to conduct malicious neuroscience research fraud mental abuse targeted civilian hate crime and simulated schizophrenia with intent to conduct terrorism against and to exploit national security and conduct state crime against national security involves neuroscience electrical computer engineering

Army Research Office 800 Park Offices Dr, Durham, NC 27703 aro.army.mil aro-54228-ls-mur Silent Spatialized Communication Among Dispersed Forces with intent to conduct malicious neuroscience research fraud mental abuse targeted civilian hate crime and simulated schizophrenia with intent to conduct terrorism against national security and conduct state crime arcyber.army.mil coe.army.mil gordon.army.mil belvoir.army.mil inscom.army.mil army command signals command

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Silent Spatialized Communication Among Dispersed Forces

Thomas M D'Zmura
CALIFORNIA UNIV IRVINE, 2015
Research using EEG to discern imagined speech focused on speech loudness envelope reconstruction. Results show that one can use EEG to discern to which of two acoustic speech streams someone is attending. Further results with speech envelopes show that one can use EEG responses to speech loudness envelopes to determine which sentence among a set of possible sentence choices somebody hears or imagines. Work with MEG shows that imagined speech generates motor and auditory imagery as a likely consequence of feedback circuits in use during normal speech production. Imagined speech has its strongest effects on hearing speech presented immediately afterward, within a time-frequency window that regulates the comparison between prediction and feedback in speech. Work with fMRI suggests a model for speech prediction with a simulation/estimation stream, possibly involving sensorimotor cortex, and a memory-retrieval stream, possibly involving activity in inferior parietal cortex. Research on intended direction includes a study on the use of EEG to infer the location of covert visual attention in one and two dimensions of space using both visual and auditory stimuli.
Descriptors:* ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY,* SIGNAL PROCESSING,* STIMULI, ACOUSTICS, ATTENTION, AUDITORY SIGNALS, BEARING (DIRECTION), COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION, ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY, FEEDBACK, MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAMS, MATHEMATICAL PREDICTION, NEUROSCIENCE, RESPONSE (BIOLOGY), SPEECH, STATISTICAL INFERENCE, VISUAL PERCEPTION, WORDS (LANGUAGE)
https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a623995.pdf
Cortical signatures of heard and imagined speech envelopes

Siyi Deng, Ramesh Srinivasan, Michael D'Zmura
CALIFORNIA UNIV IRVINE DEPT OF COGNITIVE SCIENCES, 2013
We performed an experiment with both heard and imagined speech to determine whether cortical signatures of heard speech can be used to identify imagined speech. Each trial in the experiment presented one of six possible spoken sentences; it was both heard and, immediately afterwards, produced in imagination. The analysis focused on the use of envelope following responses (EFRs) to identify sentences. Source imaging methods were used to find the cortical origins of EFRs to heard speech. Reconstructing the EEG from the strongest sources of the EFRs in parietal and temporal cortex improved the correlation between EEG and the amplitude envelope of the heard speech. Single-trial classification performance was statistically significant for two of eight subjects. Significant classification performance was found for all subjects when one used EEG data from multiple trials of the same sentence, concatenated to produce data of greater duration. Activities at the cortical sources determined for heard speech were estimated from EEG data recorded while speech was imagined, in order to classify the imagined speech. Classification performance improves as the duration of EEG data increases; about seven trials of the same sentence are required for classification of the imagined sentence to reach statistical significance. These results suggest imagining speech engages some of the cortical populations involved in perceiving speech, as suggested by models of speech perception and production.
Descriptors:* SPEECH, CLASSIFICATION, ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY, PERCEPTION, WORDS (LANGUAGE)
Subject Categories: Voice Communications
Distribution Statement: APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
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https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a588255.pdf
EEG reveals divergent paths for speech envelopes during selective attention

C Horton, M D’Zmura, R Srinivasan
Int J Bioelectromagnetism 13, 217-222, 2011
This paper reports the results of an experiment that was designed to determine the effects of attention on the representation of speech signal envelopes in EEG. We recorded EEG while subjects attended to one of two concurrently presented and spatially separated speech streams. Crosscorrelating the speech envelope with signals from individual EEG channels reveals clear differences between the neural representations of the envelopes of attended and unattended speech. The two concurrently presented speech signals were amplitude modulated at 40 and 41 Hz, respectively, in order to investigate the effects of attention on speech signal gain. The modulations elicited strong steady-stage responses that showed no effects of attention. We conclude that the differences between the representations in EEG of the envelopes of attended and unattended speech reflect some form of top-down attentional control.
http://cnslab.ss.uci.edu/speechattention/content/HortonIJBEM2011.pdf
Use of EEG to track visual attention in two dimensions

Robert Coleman
University of California-Irvine Irvine United States, 2014
This thesis investigates the use of EEG to track the spatial locus of covert, visual attention. Three experiments are described that were to detect the position of visual attention as it was deployed towards targets as they appeared. The first experiment uses flickering fields placed in the periphery of the visual field to induce SSVEPs, to be used to track the position of attention which varies horizontally between them. The flickers failed to produce significant SSVEP activity. However attention locus could still able to be tracked by endogenous lateralizations of 12Hz and 18Hzactivity. A second experiment was then designed to track attention locus as it varied either horizontally or vertically using only endogenous EEG activity in the alpha (10Hz), low-beta (18Hz), high-beta (24Hz) and gamma (36Hz) bands. Tracking proved successful in all but a small number of subjects. Horizontally varying attention was associated with lateralizations of the alpha band and low-beta band, while vertically varying attention was associated with varying alpha band and low-beta band activity in the occipito-parietal junction over the central sulcus. A third experiment was then performed to track attention locus as it varied in two dimensions. Using a combination of the features found to be informative in the second experiment, tracking proved successful in up to nine bins of two dimensional visual space. Tracking in either the horizontal or vertical dimension was also successful when attention varied in two dimensions. The success of this method shows that EEG can be used to passively detect the spatial position of attention, at varying degrees of position, as a person attends to objects they see.
Descriptors: Electroencephalography, Attention, tracking, feature extraction, predictions, modeling, Steady State
Distribution Statement: APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
DEFENSE TECHNICAL INFORMATION CENTER
8725 John J. Kingman Road, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060-6218
1-800-CAL-DTIC (1-800-225-3842)
ABOUT
https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD1010495
Investigations in Speech and Audition

Thom Lappas
University of California, Irvine, 2011
This dissertation describes three sets of experiments on speech and audition. The first two sets use psychophysical methods to investigate mechanisms of spatial hearing employed by the human auditory system. Results of the first experiments suggest that there is no simultaneous contrast illusion in hearing and that spatial frequency contrast sensitivity functions have a lowpass shape and a low cutoff frequency. The second experiments on increment thresholds for spatially-extended auditory signals suggest that the auditory system is most sensitive to spatially broad signals; a minimum auditory angle experiment using spatially-extended stimuli reproduces established results. As a whole, the results of the first two sets of experiments suggest that auditory mechanisms of spatial hearing lack spatial opponency and have broad receptive fields.
http://search.proquest.com/openview/ead9ce1523fd6b45e33a20b86a8d6e36/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
TopoToolbox: Using sensor topography to calculate psychologically meaningful measures from event-related EEG/MEG

Xing Tian, David Poeppel, David E Huber
Computational intelligence and neuroscience 2011, 7, 2011
The open-source toolbox" TopoToolbox" is a suite of functions that use sensor topography to calculate psychologically meaningful measures (similarity, magnitude, and timing) from multisensor event-related EEG and MEG data. Using a GUI and data visualization, TopoToolbox can be used to calculate and test the topographic similarity between different conditions (Tian and Huber, 2008). This topographic similarity indicates whether different conditions involve a different distribution of underlying neural sources. Furthermore, this similarity calculation can be applied at different time points to discover when a response pattern emerges (Tian and Poeppel, 2010). Because the topographic patterns are obtained separately for each individual, these patterns are used to produce reliable measures of response magnitude that can be compared across individuals using conventional statistics (Davelaar et al. Submitted and Huber et al., 2008). TopoToolbox can be freely downloaded. It runs under MATLAB (The MathWorks, Inc.) and supports user-defined data structure as well as standard EEG/MEG data import using EEGLAB (Delorme and Makeig, 2004).
https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1992538
http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2011/674605.pdf

Decoding attentional orientation from EEG spectra

Ramesh Srinivasan, Samuel Thorpe, Siyi Deng, Tom Lappas, Michael D’Zmura
International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, 176-183, 2009
We have carried out preliminary experiments to determine if EEG spectra can be used to decode the attentional orientation of an observer in three-dimensional space. Our task cued the subject to direct attention to speech in one location and ignore simultaneous speech originating from another location. We found that during the period where the subject directs attention to one location in anticipation of the speech signal, EEG spectral features can be used to predict the orientation of attention. We propose to refine this method by training subjects using feedback to improve classification performance.
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-02574-7_20
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.590.183&rep=rep1&type=pdf
EEG-based discrimination of imagined speech phonemes

X Chi, JB Hagedorn, D Schoonover, M D'Zmura
International Journal of Bioelectromagnetism 13 (4), 201-206, 2011
Correspondence: mdzmura@ uci. edu, Dept. Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, USA, 92697-5100 E-mail: mdzmura@ uci. edu, phone+ 1 949 824 4055, fax+ 1 949 824 2307 Abstract. This paper reports positive results for classifying imagined phonemes on the basis of EEG signals. Subjects generated in imagination five types of phonemes that differ in their primary manner of vocal articulation during overt speech production (jaw, tongue, nasal, lips and fricative). Naive Bayes and linear discriminant analysis classification methods were applied to EEG signals that were recorded during imagined phoneme production. Results show that signals from these classes can be differentiated from those generated during periods of no imagined speech and that the signals among the classes are discriminable, particularly in data collected on a single day. The simple linear classification methods are suited well to online use in BCI applications.
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/b74f/c325556d1a7b5eb05fe90cde1f0c891357a3.pdf
Lateralization of frequency-specific networks for covert spatial attention to auditory stimuli

Samuel Thorpe, Michael D’Zmura, Ramesh Srinivasan
Brain topography 25 (1), 39-54, 2012
We conducted a cued spatial attention experiment to investigate the time–frequency structure of human EEG induced by attentional orientation of an observer in external auditory space. Seven subjects participated in a task in which attention was cued to one of two spatial locations at left and right. Subjects were instructed to report the speech stimulus at the cued location and to ignore a simultaneous speech stream originating from the uncued location. EEG was recorded from the onset of the directional cue through the offset of the inter-stimulus interval (ISI), during which attention was directed toward the cued location. Using a wavelet spectrum, each frequency band was then normalized by the mean level of power observed in the early part of the cue interval to obtain a measure of induced power related to the deployment of attention. Topographies of band specific induced power during the cue and inter-stimulus intervals showed peaks over symmetric bilateral scalp areas. We used a bootstrap analysis of a lateralization measure defined for symmetric groups of channels in each band to identify specific lateralization events throughout the ISI. Our results suggest that the deployment and maintenance of spatially oriented attention throughout a period of 1,100 ms is marked by distinct episodes of reliable hemispheric lateralization ipsilateral to the direction in which attention is oriented. An early theta lateralization was evident over posterior parietal electrodes and was sustained throughout the ISI. In the alpha and mu bands punctuated episodes of parietal power lateralization were observed roughly 500 ms after attentional deployment, consistent with previous studies of visual attention. In the beta band these episodes show similar patterns of lateralization over frontal motor areas. These results indicate that spatial attention involves similar mechanisms in the auditory and visual modalities.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3193902/
Semantic and acoustic analysis of speech by functional networks with distinct time scales

Siyi Deng, Ramesh Srinivasan
Brain research 1346, 132-144, 2010
Speech perception requires the successful interpretation of both phonetic and syllabic information in the auditory signal. It has been suggested by Poeppel (2003) that phonetic processing requires an optimal time scale of 25 ms while the time scale of syllabic processing is much slower (150–250 ms). To better understand the operation of brain networks at these characteristic time scales during speech perception, we studied the spatial and dynamic properties of EEG responses to five different stimuli: (1) amplitude modulated (AM) speech, (2) AM …
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4012024/