2014-08-26 Structure: noun clauses

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NOUN CLAUSES
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noun = people, places, and things
clause = a group of words with a subject and verb
noun clause = a clause that means a noun

What wasn't so admirable was their rivalry. (subject)
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The non-admirable thing was their rivalry.

Each brother tried to figure out how he could outdo the others
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Each brother tried to figure out this information.
Each brother asked himself, "How can I outdo the others?"

"What did you do last summer?"
I know what you did last summer. (object)
I know that you killed a man last summer. (object)

Their rivalry was what wasn't so admirable. (subj. complement)

It's interesting that she didn't tell anyone. (adj. comp.)

"Did you do your homework?"
I want to know   if    you did your homework.
               whether

I can't decide whether I should take the bus or the train.
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Declarative (statements): "that"
You killed a man last summer.
I know that you killed a man last summer.
She doesn't have the answer.
I know that she doesn't have the answer.

Interrogative (questions): wh- word or if/whether
How can I outdo my brothers?
He wondered how he could outdo his brothers.
Will my mother like my gift?
He wondered if his mother would like his gift.

(Not exactly noun clauses)
Imperative (instructions/commands): infinitive
Close the door.
I told him to close the door.
Don't use your phone.
I told him not to use his phone.
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p. 162 exercise 1B
2 What can I do to top my brothers?
3 Can I afford it?
4 Did you believe me?
5 What do you mean?

3 - He wondered (in the past) if he could afford it (in the past).
-> He asked, "Can I afford it?"

4 - I don't know (in the present) if you believed me (in the past).
-> I ask, "Did you believe me?"

I didn't know (in the past) if you believed me (in the past).
-> I asked, "Do you believe me?"

I didn't know (in the past) if you had believed me (more in the past).
-> I asked, "Did you believe me?"
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1 C
2 I - ...what she is supposed to do.
3 C
4 C
5 I - ...what they were doing.
6 C
7 C
8 C
9 I - ...where he could park.
10 I - ...when the new guy is starting.

1 where that is
2 what time it is
  where the time went
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Do you know where the nearest bank is?
(indirect or embedded question)
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should / can -> infinitives

She doesn't remember what she is supposed to do.
-> She doesn't remember what to do.

Can you tell me how I can get to the bank?
-> Can you tell me how to get to the bank?

I don't know whether I should take the bus or the train.
-> I don't know whether to take the bus or the train.

I know how to [verb].
is much more common than
I know how I can [verb].
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I wondered if you knew where the bank was.
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I wondered, "Do you know where the bank is?"

She knows.
He knows that she knows.
She knows that he knows that she knows.
He knows that she knows that he knows that she knows.
...

He knows she knows he knows she knows.
("that" isn't necessary in noun clauses that are the object)

I know that Jim knows Mary.
(sometimes it can be confusing if you don't include "that")
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(OK) The fact that he wanted to beat his brothers is obvious.
(OK)          That he wanted to beat his brothers is obvious.
(NOT OK)	 * He wanted to beat his brothers is obvious.
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2 if she added enough sugar
3 whether or not she buttered the pan
4 if she mixed it well or not
5 whether she will let the cake cool before she cuts it
6 if the cake is done now
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Homework: p. 162-163 (exercise 2)
          p. 167 (exercise 5)