2 Systems of Photosynthesis:
	Light Reaction: Photons are used to form ATP and NADPH with O2 evolution
	Dark Reaction: Atp and NADPH are used to fix CO2 to sugar
Photosynthesis: Light Reaction
	Has 2 Processes
		Photosystem II
			Water is split
			Oxygen evolved
			ATP formed, and ATPase running backwards
		Photosystem I
			NADPH Formed

Photosynthesis: Calvin Cycle
	Carbon Dioxide Fixation
		1 Molecule Ribulose
		6 Bisphosphate
	Forms simple sugar, 3 carbon
	While not light dependent, requires the products of the light reaction


Hershey and Chase proved that DNA is the genetic material

Chargaff showed that the amount of adenine = thymidine and that the amount of cytosine = guanine

Watson and Crick provided evidence of the structure of DNA, noting the double helix


Enzymatic Pathways
Serial enzymatic changes to a molecule
Organized, may be in membranes
Processes with initial and Final Product
Rate limitation= Slowest Enzyme/ Tightly Regulated
Examples
Photosynthesis
Glycolysis
Citric Acid Cycle= Krebs cycle
Electron Transport System

Respiration
Back bone of Metabolism
Glycolysis= Anaerobic/Aerobic
Citric Acid Cycle= Aerobic
Electron Transport System= Aerobic
ATP FORMATION
Fat and Amino Acid Metabolism feeds into the above

Enzyme Helpers
-Nicotinaminde Adenine Dinucleotide= NAD
Nicotinamind Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate= NADP
Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide= FAD
Coenzyme A- CoA
NADH, NADPH, FADH2, Acetyl CoA

Chromosomal Arrangement
Diploid= 2N Human 23 Pairs
Haploid= 1N Human 23
Polyploid 3& above N
Trisomy
Rearrangement
Crossover
Meiosis Importance
Reduction Division
-Formation of haploid cell number
Variability- Mixing other genes
Variability of gene- Crossover
Rotifers
Mostly female
•   Asexual reproduction
Males on produced
•   Prior to winter or harsh conditions
Zygote formed in a stron cell withstanding the harsh condition
Cnidarians jellyfish, corals, see anemones
-Alternation of Generations
-Asexual reproduction followed by sexual reproduction
Genetics
Genotype= genes within
Phenotype- observable trait
Homozygous- Consisting of or composed of similar elements or ingredients, of a uniform quality throughout
Heterozygous- A mixture that is not uniform in its composition; the components can be visibly distinguished