Nw termin. Session 2

Network Terminology I
=====================
Network --> Connection of one or more, to communicate.
		Physical Network
		Social Network

Network
=======
	Connection of two or more IT Electronic Devices, with a sole purpose of Information Interchange.

Topology Of Network
===================
	How my devices in the network are connected with each other.

	1. Star Topology
	----------------
		When in the network, all device are connected to the centeral connecting devices.

	2. Bus Topology
	---------------
		Wnen all the device are connected to the single line of the network, that single line in known as the back bone.

	3. Ring Topology
	----------------
		When all the devices are connected in the closed circular manner.
			Unidirectional ---> Either clock wise or anti-clockwise
			Bidirectional --> Both anti-clockwise and clockwise

	4. Mess Topology
	----------------
		When all devices are connected to every other device in the network.

	5. Hybrid Topology
	------------------
		Usage of two or more topoligies

Types Of Network
================
1. Intranet --> When devices are connected in the ring topology and the network cannot be accessed by the other world.
2. Internet --> Network of Networks and can be accessed by anyone from anywhere.

Protocols
---------
	These are the set of rules and instructions which are followed by the device to connect or transmit the data.
	Different Types of protocols:
	IP --> Internet Protocol
	TCP -> Transmission Control Protocol
			Connection Oriented Protocol
	UDP -> User Datagram Protocol
			Connectionless Protocol
	FTP -> File Transfer Protocol
	HTTP -> Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
	SMTP -> Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
	VoIP -> Voice Over Internet Protocol
	DHCP -> Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
	POP  -> Post Office Protocol

IP --> Internet Protocol
========================
IP Address --> Internet Protocol Address
----------------------------------------
	It is a virtual address which is given|provided to the system when it is connected to the network or the internet. It is unique in the network.

Versions of IP Address
======================
	1. IPv4 --> Internet Protocol Version 4
	2. IPv6 --> Internet Protocol Version 6

1. IPv4 --> Internet Protocol Version 4
========================================
	It is a 32 bit address, which is divided into 4 octets and seperated by a period.

	192.168.0.10 --> 32 bit
	octets -->
				192
				168
				0
				10
		They can be represented by eight 0 and 1
	Period ---> dot (.)

Binary Table
		128	64	32	16	8	4	2	1
192		1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
168  	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0
0 		0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
10  	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0

192 --> 128 + 64 --> 11000000
168 --> 128 + 32 + 8 --> 10101000
0 --> 0 -> 00000000
10 --> 8 + 2 --> 00001010

11000000.10101000.00000000.00001010

2^32 IP Address
0.0.0.0 - 255.255.255.255

	Classes of IP Address
	---------------------
	Class A
	CLass B
	Class C
	Class D
	Class E

2. Internet Protocol Version 6
==============================
	It is 128 but address, which is represented in Hexadecimal value.
		0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
	It uses MAC Address of the device.
	2^128 Total Number of IPv6 Addresses
	0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000 - FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF

ISP --> Internet Service Provider

There are two types of IP Address
	1. Public IP Address | Global IP Address
	2. Local IP Address | Private IP Address

1. Public IP Address
====================
	It is the IP Address provided by the ISP.
		google.com
				myipaddress
					125.63.71.34
		ipcow.com
				125.63.71.34
		ipchicken.com
				125.63.71.34

	User Agent Information

2. Private IP Address
=====================
	It is the IP Address which is provided to the device from the router and DHCP.
		Linux/Unix ---> Terminal ---> ifconfig
		MS OS ---> cmd --> ipconfig


DHCP --> Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
============================================
	It is the protocol which is responsible for allocating the IP Address to the devices connected in the network.

DHCP Server
IP Pool

DHCP Server ---> Picks an IP Address from the IP Pool.

Tasks
=====
	Classes OF IP Address
	Where is IPv5 Address
	MAC
	NIC
	Conficker Worm