2019-07-17 Core: 3 lateral thinking, past perfect

Greg Malivuk
gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Homework: p. 159 practice 1 AND p. 160 practice 2
Compare your answers with your partner’s. Convince them you’re correct if you disagree.
practice 1
1 happened, fell
2 was swimming, appeared
3 was jogging, lost
4 wasn’t raining, didn’t take
5 was, was sleeping/slept
6 arrived, was shining
7 were surfing, saw
8 was, saw
practice 2
2 had paid, bought
3 hadn’t arrived, woke
4 flooded, had melted
5 had forgotten, was
6 hadn’t reached, hit
7 sold, had sailed
(If the sentence includes sequence words like “before” and “after”, it’s usually not necessary to use past perfect for the first action.)
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One of the most common uses for past perfect is in “stories”, to explain things that happened before that part of the story.
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p. 37 part 4 - Put the events in each group in the correct order. Notice the tenses used in the article.
1 a 3
  b 1 or 2 (past perfect)
  c 2 or 1 (past perfect) (They both agreed at the same time)
2 a 3
  b 1 (past perfect)
  c 2
3 a 2 (past perfect) (this happened between 1985 and 2004)
  b 3 (this happened in 2004)
  c 1 (past perfect) (this happened “long ago”)
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“already”, “yet”, “just” - same meaning with past perfect as present perfect

When I started at Stafford House, I had already lived in Boston for five years.
When I started at Stafford House, I had just started another teaching job as well.
When I started at Stafford House, I had not met my wife yet.
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part 7 - choose the correct options
1 had been
2 sank
3 was
4 had disappeared
5 hadn’t located (The other techniques the Navy had used before hadn’t yet located the subs.)
6 had visited
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“Permanent” conditions like “too late” and “dead” are rarely used in past perfect, unless we’re including the amount of time.

When the ambulance arrived at the hospital, the patient was already dead.
	(“be dead” is a situation that was still true when he arrived)
When the ambulance arrived at the hospital, the patient had already died.
	(“die” in an action that happened before he arrived)
When the ambulance arrived at the hospital, the patient had already been dead for 10 minutes.
	(The 10 minutes happened before they arrived, so we use past perfect.)
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Lateral Thinking Puzzles
Ask your partners yes/no questions to try to figure out the explanation for each situation.
CLUE: all of the situations have a connection with water
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BREAK
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Fact or Fiction handout (https://www.teach-this.com/images/resources/fact-or-fiction-2.pdf)
- With your partner, write one realistic and one imaginative explanation for each situation, using the past perfect, past continuous, or simple past.
Listen to everyone’s answers and vote on the most imaginative fiction answers.
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*Had appeared a waterfall.
-> A waterfall had appeared.
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Sea-related vocabulary
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tide = when the ocean rises and falls twice every day (We often talk about the tide “coming in” or “going out”.)
surf = where waves break near the shore and the surface of the water is white
salty = with a lot of salt
cove = small sheltererd bay or area of water
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p. 38 part 1 - Ask and answer the questions with your partner.
p. 39 - Read the first paragraph. How did this experience affect him?
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Read the rest of the article on p. 39 and do p. 38 parts 3, 4, 5
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Homework: finish exercises 3, 4, and 5, if you didn’t in class