2020-01-21 TOEFL: tests, roots, fact questions

Greg Malivuk
gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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https://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-does-chemotherapy-work-hyunsoo-joshua-no/
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Take 20 minutes to answer the questions about Population and Climate.
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Take notes on each listening passage, then answer the questions.
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Difficult reading questions:
3 - fact - B (“The local effects of these global changes are difficult to predict.”)
11 - purpose - B (2 of 3 sentences are about why something is important)
14 - summary - B C F
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If you want, you can do the other two tests at home.
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BREAK
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TOEFL: 4 sections, 3.5-4 hours, 120 points total (30/section), $205
1 reading: 54-72 minutes, 3 or 4 passages, 9-10 questions per passage
2 listening: 40-60 minutes, 5-7 listenings (2-3 conversations, 3-4 lectures/discussions)
	(10-minute break)
3 speaking: 17 minutes, 3m45s of speaking time for 4 tasks (no more 1 and 5 from the old TOEFL)
4 writing: 55 minutes, 20+30 minutes of writing time for 2 tasks
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Word Roots (list 6) - Work together to explain the meaning of each root with one or two words
re (recycle, rebound, reuse, recline) = again/back
reg (regulation, regent, regime) = rule
retro (retrograde, retroactive, retrospect) = backward
	(The “tra”/”tro” forms more or less add direction or movement to re-, in-, ex-, and con-.)
rupt (disrupt, rupture) = break/burst
scend (ascend, descend, transcend) = climb
scope/skep/spec (microscope, skeptic, spectacle) = see/look
scrib/script (transcript, scripture, inscribe) = write/draw (Many verbs have “scribe” and nouns have “script” or “scription”)
sect/seg (section, bisect, sector, segment) = cut/divide
semi (semicircle, semiannual) = half (This is the Latin root. The Greek root is “hemi”.)
sol (solitude, desolate, solo) = alone
sol (solar, solarium) = Sun
soph (philosophy, sophisticated) = wisdom
struct (construct, structure) = build
sub (subterranean, submerge, substandard) = under
super (superstructure, supersonic) = over
tele (telephone, telescope, telepathy) = far
term (determine, terminate) = end/limit (Words like “determine” and “define” are related to specifying something by putting limits around it.)
terra/terri (territory, terrain, extraterrestrial) = earth/land
therm (thermometer, thermal) = heat
trans (transport, transaction, transverse, transparent) = across/through
ultra (ultraviolet, ultrasound) = over/above (Often paired with “infra” words.)
uni (universe, unique, unilateral) = one
vac (vacuum, vacate, evacuate) = empty
veri (verify, veracity) = truth
viv/vit (vital, vivacious) = life
vol (benevolent, volunteer, volition) = will
xeno (xenophobia, xenophile) = strange/foreign/alien
zoo (zoology, zooplankton) = animal (really the root is just “zo”, like “paleozoic” or “protozoa”)
	(Both “bot” and “phyt” refer to plants.)
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Reading Question Types:
- purpose/method (why or how does the author do something?)
- fact
- negative fact (like fact questions but with “NOT” or “EXCEPT”)
- paraphrase / sentence restatement
- inference (what does the author imply?)
- vocabulary
- reference / pronoun
- sentence insertion
- summary
- organize/categorize
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Cambridge exercise R9 - Decide if each statement about the Channel Tunnel is true or false.
A. T
B. F
C. T - “the military risks” = “a security threat”
D. T - “doubt as to the feasibility” = they thought it was infeasible or inviable
E. F (The text talks about “boring”, but with a different meaning.)
F. F - Because there wasn’t any construction in 1930, “the construction of the tunnel” didn’t lead to anything.
G. F - There was no tunnel made in 1930.
H. T (We sometimes use “cost-prohibitive” to mean something is too expensive to do.)
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p. 204-206 describes steps for answering fact questions
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Homework: p. 210-217 - exercises 4R6 (212-3) and 4R12 (217)