2016-08-22 Grammar: perfect progressive

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - Notes from all my classes
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Homework: read p. 19 about the perfect aspect, then do p. 20 exercise 6
	(You can also look at p. 20 exercise 5 and try to figure out why the perfect aspect is used.)
1 had said (he said goodbye before he started packing)
2 had conducted (the unsuccessful experiments were before the vaccine discovery)
3 has had (The United States is a single country, so we use singular verbs.)
4 has visited (“so far” means “up to now”, and “he really likes traveling” also means present)
5 came, hadn’t been
6 have traveled (will + base form = “will have”)
7 haven’t slept
8 had completed, realized, weren’t (first he completed three voyages, then he realized)
9 have lived
10 has studied
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present: I/you/we/they have, he/she/it has
past: I/you/we/they/he/she/it had

past: I/he/she/it was, you/we/they were
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I didn’t go to the restaurant with you because I had had dinner earlier. (= I had eaten dinner earlier.)
I felt terrible in the morning because I had had too much to drink the night before.
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perfect = [have] + past participle = have/has/had + past participle
progressive = [be] + verb(ing) = be/am/is/are/was/were/been + past participle
passive = [be] + past participle
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Perfect Progressive tenses = something continued for some time before another event
I have been sitting here for 25 minutes.
When I started working at Stafford House, I had been teaching for six years already.
By the time they got married, they had been living together for two years.

I’m thinking about moving to another city. - This only tells you about my mind in this moment.
I’ve been thinking about moving to another city. - This tells you it’s not a new idea. I started thinking about it a while ago.
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p. 21 - Look at the example sentences at the top of the page.
When I left my house this morning, I saw that it had rained during the night. (it wasn’t raining on me)
When I left my house this morning, it was raining. (it was raining on me)
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Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (July 1997)
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (July 1998)
Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (July 1999)
Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (July 2000)
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (July 2003)
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (July 2005)
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (July 2007)

On January 1, 2000, J.K. Rowling had written three books.
On January 1, 2000, J.K. Rowling was writing the fourth Harry Potter book.
On January 1, 2000, J.K. Rowling had been writing for 10 years. (She started the first story in 1990.)

Now, J.K. Rowling has finished the Harry Potter series and has written several other books.
Now, she is writing a new book.
Now, she has been writing for 26 years.
Now, she travels around the world to meet her fans. (She does this regularly, I don’t know if she’s traveling at this moment.)
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I have been writing a book. = I am still writing it now. I’m not finished.
I have written a book. = I have finished it.
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Homework: p. 22-23, exercises 8, 9, 10, sentences (1)-(10) (you do not need to do 11-23)