#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
//
#define ll long long
#define ull unsigned long long
#define mx 100010
#define mod 1000000007
#define inf INT_MAX
#define pi acos(-1.0)
#define endl '\n'
#define pb push_back
#define pll pair<ll, ll>
#define vll vector<ll>
#define vpll vector<pll>
#define fastio ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);cin.tie(0);cout.tie(0)
//
int main() {
    fastio;
    ll t;
    cin >> t;
    while (t--) {
        ll l, r;
        cin >> l >> r;
        ll ar[20];
        memset(ar, 0, sizeof(ar));
        for (ll i = l; i <= r; i++) {
            for (ll j = 0; j < 19; j++) {
                if ((i & (1 << j)) != 0) ar[j]++;
            }
        }
        ll maximum = -1;
        for (ll i = 0; i < 19; i++) {
            if (ar[i] > maximum) maximum = ar[i];
        }
        cout << (r - l + 1 -maximum) << endl;
    }
}