2016-06-15 Core: 12 arctic expeditions (3rd cond)

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Homework: p. 172 practice 1 AND workbook p. 72 part 2
book p. 172 practice 1
2 shouldn’t have told
3 could have gotten
4 should have come / could have come
5 should have asked (asking advice -> should)
6 couldn’t have taken (this is a conclusion about the past, like unit 8, not unit 12)
workbook p. 72 part 2
1 I should have studied harder.
2 Someone could have broken in.
3 He should have taken tablets.
4 I should have bought a bigger one.
5 We couldn’t have done without her.
6 We should have used GPS.
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ALWAYS: modal + base form
	(modal + have + past participle - “have” is the base form)
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p. 144 - What do you know about the arctic? How do people live there?
part 2 - Read the first paragraph and answer the questions.
1 To find a route to Asia through the Arctic Ocean (the Northwest Passage)
2 They ended in failure and tragedy.
3 brave and foolish
part 3 - Read the rest of the article and decide if these sentences are true or false.
1 F - The explorers died because they didn’t learn the skills of the Inuit people.
2 F
3 T
4 T (They didn’t use dog teams. They pulled (hauled) their own sleds.)
5 F
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Grammar: third conditional = past unreal conditional
If they had learned to build igloos, the explorers would have been warm. (the unreal situation)
= They didn’t learn to build igloos, so they were not warm. (the real situation)

if + [past perfect], would/could/might + have + past participle

p. 145 part 7 - Find the other three 3rd conditional sentences in the article.
Explorers could have avoided starvation, frostbite, and even death if they had copied...the Inuit.
If the explorers had worn sealskin and furs like the Inuit, they wouldn’t have suffered from frostbite.
Parry’s men wouldn’t have been as healthy if they hadn’t eaten the salads.

They could have avoided starvation. = They would have been able to avoid starvation.
They might have survived. = Maybe they would have survived.
They would have survived. = They definitely would have survived.
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workbook p. 71 part 1 - Match the conditionals (1-4) with two of the endings (a-h) and write the verbs in the correct form.
1 If J.K. Rowling hadn’t written the Harry Potter stories, millions of kids might not have gotten into books and she wouldn’t have become a millionaire.
2 If Tim Berners-Lee hadn’t invented the World Wide Web, personal computers wouldn’t have become so popular and social networking wouldn’t have been possible. (or: wouldn’t be possible.)
3 If Alexander Fleming hadn’t discovered penicillin, antibiotics might not have been developed and millions of people would have died from infections.
4 If Wangari Maathai hadn’t won the Nobel Peace Prize, many people wouldn’t have heard of her and thousands of Kenyan women wouldn’t have (had) an income.

If I win the lottery, I will buy a house. (This is my plan.)
		I can buy a house. (I will be able to buy a house. It will be possible.)
		I may buy a house. (I don’t know what I’ll do with the money.)

If I had won the lottery, I would have bought a house. (This was my plan.)
		I could have bought a house. (I would have been able to. I would have had enough money.)
		I might have bought a house. (I don’t know what I would have done with the money.)
I wouldn’t have bought a house. = This was never my plan.
I couldn’t have bought a house. = It was or would have been impossible.
I might not have bought a house. = Maybe. I’m not sure what I would have done.

Also remember: this is an unreal conditional, so the reality is the opposite.
“If I had won the lottery, I could have bought a house.”
= In reality, I didn’t have enough money for the house.
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BREAK
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p. 145 part 8 - With your partner, write third conditional sentences about these real situations. Use the word(s) in parentheses.
1 (If they hadn’t worn inadequate clothing, the British wouldn’t have gotten frostbite.)
  If they had worn furs, they wouldn’t have gotten frostbite.
2 (If they hadn’t pulled their own sleds, they wouldn’t have been exhausted.)
  If they had used dogs to pull their sleds, they wouldn’t have been exhausted.
3 If they had just taken essential items, their sleds wouldn’t have been so heavy.
4 If they had eaten Inuit food, they wouldn’t have gotten scurvy.
5 If they had known their canned food was poisonous, they wouldn’t have become ill.
6 If they had asked local people about the ice, they would have known that it could freeze and they wouldn’t have gotten stuck in the ice.
7 If they had followed local customs, the expeditions would have been successful.
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bare (adj) = uncovered
bear (n) = the big animal
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p. 145 parts 10-11 - Tell your group about an important life decision you have made recently, and speculate about what would or might have happened if you had chosen differently.
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Homework: p. 146 parts 4 and 5 about the reading on p. 147