6510565127

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# "turn on" or "activate" a module so that you can call its functions
import operator
import re
import json
import urllib.request
import math
import csv

# round a floating-point number upward
print(math.ceil(3.4))

# import a single function from a module
from math import log10
print(log10(2000))

# reading a string, an integer, and a floating-point number;
# remember to give a prompt (can be passed as param to input, or use separate print statement)
my_string = input()
my_int = int(input())
my_float = float(input())

# scientific notation
EARTH_MASS = 5.97E24

# exponentiation
volume_of_spherical_cow = (4.0/3.0)*math.pi*(radius ** 3)

# printing a floating point number with 2 decimal places, then an int with commas
print(f'Rent is ${rent:.2f} for {size:,} sq ft... Gosh darn high!')

# splitting a single string into a list of substrings (e.g., by semi-colons)
my_list = my_string.split(';')

# stripping leading and trailing whitespace
my_string.strip()

# define a function and return a result
def my_function(x, y, z):
    """
    Remember to describe your function's purpose.
    """
    return x + y + z


# special characters
print("The tab:\t--nice, huh?")
print("The newline:\n--nice, huh?")

# replacing one substring's occurrences with another substring
print("spaces to semicolons".replace(' ', ';'))

# taking a substring from position x up to but not including y
my_string[x:y]

# taking a sublist from position x up to but not including y
my_list[x:y]

# raising an exception and then catching it
try:
    if some_value < 0:
        raise Exception('Ummmmm, well, this is Embarrassing')
    else:
        print("all is well")
except:
    print("an exception happened!")

# bailing out of your program entirely
exit()

# iterating from 0 up to but not including N, in steps of 2
for i in range(0, N, 2):
    pass # special command that does nothing, useful for empty loops

# iterate over a list
for eachitem in my_list:
    print(eachitem)

# finding the location of a substring inside of a longer string
# (-1 if not found)
my_string.find(desired_substring)

# grab substring using regular expression
import re
my_string = 'grab the substring from abcdefgh Donald ijklmnopqrst'
match_info = re.search('abcdefgh ([A-Za-z]+) ijklmnopqrs', my_string)
if match_info:
    part_inside_parentheses = match_info.group(1)

# reference for regular expressions
#  [0-9] or \d  -- digit
#  [a-zA-Z] -- any lowercase or uppercase character
#  [a-z0-9_] -- any lowercase character, digit, or underscore
#  .       -- special character representing any regular character
#  ^       -- special character representing start of string
#  $       -- special character representing end of string
#  +       -- repeat whatever comes before, one or more times
#  *       -- repeat whatever comes before, zero or more times
#  ?       -- whatever comes before is optional (0 or more times)
#  {x}     -- whatever comes before occurs exactly x times
#  {x,y}   -- whatever comes before occurs x to y times


# building up a list of 1 through 10
my_list = []
for i in range(1, 11):
    my_list.append(i)

# get the length, total, minimum, and maximum of a list of numbers
print("length: "+str(len(my_list)))
print("total: "+str(sum(my_list)))
print("minimum: "+str(min(my_list)))
print("maximum: "+str(max(my_list)))

# sorting all the items in a list
sorted_list = sorted(my_list)

# building up a dictionary
all_about_me = {}
all_about_me["name"] = "Sir Launcelot of Camelot"
all_about_me["quest"] = "To seek the Holy Grail"
all_about_me["favorite color"] = "Blue"

# a list of dictionaries
cars = [
    {"buyer": "Jane Edwards", "price": 6000, "make": "Honda"},
    {"buyer": "Ahmed Moustef", "price": 9000, "make": "Honda"},
    {"buyer": "Mike McGinney", "price": 2000, "make": "Ford"},
    {"buyer": "Jeffrey Pouch", "price": 4000, "make": "Honda"},
    {"buyer": "Beatrice Duff", "price": 6000, "make": "GM"}
]

# getting the value of a dictionary, with a default in case the key is missing
the_value = the_dictionary.get(the_key, the_default)
price = car.get("price", 0)

# computing a total for each category, from a list of dictionaries
totals = {}
for car in cars:
    category = car["make"]
    price = car["price"]
    totals[category] = totals.get(category, 0) + price

# finding which entry corresponds to the maximum
max_value = None
max_buyer = None
for car in cars:
    entry = car["buyer"]
    price = car["price"]
    if max_value is None or price > max_value:
        max_value = price
        max_buyer = entry

# a dictionary of lists
attendees = {
    "CS 201": ["Judy", "Bobby", "Kesha"],
    "CS 160": ["Randy", "Dandy", "Marsha"],
    "CS 361": ["Poppy", "Moppy", "Pasha"]
}

# iterating over a dictionary, printing it out
for the_key in attendees.keys():
    print(the_key+':'+str(attendees[the_key]))

# also can just get all the values directly (though unclear which value goes with which key)
print(attendees.values())

# iterating through the lines of a text file
data_file = open(file_name)
for line in data_file:
    pass

# create a CSV reader from a file reference (or "handle") so that you can iterate over rows
# https://docs.python.org/3/library/csv.html
csv_reader = csv.reader(file_handle)

# can convert a CSV reader directly into a list of lists
course_list = list(csv_reader)

# read from a URL into JSON
json_string = urllib.request.urlopen(URL).read()
resulting_dict_or_list = json.loads(json_string)


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