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- '''
- With this program, we want to help a Dutch archeologist. She has recently found
- a collection of precious inscriptions in Ancient Greek and valuable texts in
- Italian. She wants to find passages that are in common between pairs of
- texts in different languages. She is fluent in Latin and English but
- not in Ancient Greek and Italian. However, she knows she can rely on our help!
- To pursue her objective, the archeologist has retrieved two CSV files. In the
- first one, "lexicon_gr_en", some Ancient Greek words are translated into
- one or more English expressions (let them be single words or short clauses),
- whenever available.
- For instance:
- "ἀραρίσκω;join;fit together"
- is a line in the file indicating that "ἀραρίσκω" translates to "join" or
- "fit together". Another line,
- "ἀπορρήσσω;[unavailable]"
- suggests the absence of a reliable translation.
- In the second CSV file, "lexicon_en_it", every English expression is
- translated into an Italian one: "join" translates to "unirsi" and "fit
- together" translates to "aderire". The correspondence between English and
- Italian expressions is one-to-one. Also, all English expressions in
- "lexicon_gr_en" also occur in "lexicon_en_it", except those marked as
- "[unavailable]".
- In both CSV files, expressions are separated by a semi-colon.
- Notice that the Ancient Greek inscriptions are written in a rather particular
- way. The flow of the text is boustrophedon, that is, alternating
- lines of writing are flipped: first left-to-right, then right-to-left,
- then left-to-right again, and so on. The good news is, the glyphs of the
- characters are not mirrored. Furthermore, paragraphs are separated by multiple
- line-feeds (two or more). Single line-feeds are kept only to wrap lines.
- The end of the file also denotes the end of the last paragraph.
- For simplicity, (1) all letters are reported in lower case and (2) the
- punctuation symbols used are only line-feeds and the following:
- '.' (full stop) ',' (comma) ':' (colon) ' ' (white space) "'" (apostrophes)
- For example, a paragraph like:
- ἄνδρα μοι ἔννεπε, μοῦσα, πολύτροπον, ὃς μάλα πολλὰ
- πλάγχθη, ἐπεὶ Τροίης ἱερὸν πτολίεθρον ἔπερσεν:
- πολλῶν δ' ἀνθρώπων ἴδεν ἄστεα καὶ νόον ἔγνω,
- πολλὰ δ' ὅ γ' ἐν πόντῳ πάθεν ἄλγεα ὃν κατὰ θυμόν,
- reads as follows (see the "odyssey.txt" file):
- ἄνδρα μοι ἔννεπε, μοῦσα, πολύτροπον, ὃς μάλα πολλὰ
- :νεσρεπἔ νορθείλοτπ νὸρεἱ ςηίορτ ὶεπἐ ,ηθχγάλπ
- πολλῶν δ' ἀνθρώπων ἴδεν ἄστεα καὶ νόον ἔγνω,
- ,νόμυθ ὰτακ νὃ αεγλἄ νεθάπ ῳτνόπ νἐ 'γ ὅ 'δ ὰλλοπ
- The archeologist wants to find out sequences of at least k > 0 words in
- the Ancient Greek text such that (1) the Ancient Greek words are in a
- single paragraph and (2) they correspond to sequences of at least k words
- in a paragraph of the Italian text, based on the given CSV files and
- ignoring punctuation marks. Notice that the Italian text follows the only
- left-to-right flow and, for convenience, all letters are lowercase.
- Paragraphs in the Italian text are also separated by two or more line-feeds.
- Design a function
- ex1(k, lexicon_gr_en_f, lexicon_en_it_f, greek_txt_f, italian_txt_f)
- that, given:
- - k: the minimum number of consecutive Ancient Greek words to be found
- in paragraphs of "greek_txt_f" whose translation in English corresponds
- to sequences of words in paragraphs of "italian_txt_f" (with k > 0)
- - lexicon_gr_en_f: the path to the lexicon text file translating Ancient Greek
- into English, as described above
- - lexicon_en_it_f: the path to the lexicon text file translating English into
- Italian, as described above
- - greek_txt_f: the path to the text file with an inscription in Ancient
- Greek, written according to the rules described above
- - italian_txt_f: the path to the text file with a text in Italian
- returns:
- - a set of pairs of tuples; the first tuple refers to the Ancient Greek text;
- the second tuple refers to the corresponding excerpt in the Italian one;
- each tuple indicates:
- 1) the excerpt of the text containing the sequence of words whose
- translation in English match with the translation from the other language
- (having line-feeds replaced by white spaces, written only from left to
- right),
- 2) the paragraph number (starting from 1) where the excerpt lies.
- For example,
- ex1(2, "lexicon-GR-EN.csv", "lexicon-EN-IT.csv", "odyssey.txt", "proemio.txt")
- should return
- {(("ἔννεπε, μοῦσα", 1),
- ("dissi io, o musa", 1)),
- (("τῶν ἁμόθεν γε, θεά, θύγατερ διός", 2),
- ("di ciò, da qualunque principio, ad ogni costo, dea figlia di zeus", 3))
- }
- Notice that, in "lexicon_GR_EN.csv", the following lines occur (among others):
- ἔννεπε;said i
- μοῦσα;o muse
- τῶν;of these things
- ἁμόθεν;beginning at any stage
- γε;indeed;at least;at any rate
- θεά;goddess
- θύγατερ;daughter
- διός;of zeus
- in "lexicon_EN_IT.csv", we have:
- said i;dissi io
- o muse;o musa
- of these things;di ciò
- beginning at any stage;da qualunque principio
- at any rate;ad ogni costo
- goddess;dea
- daughter;figlia
- of zeus;di zeus
- the first paragraph of "odyssey.txt" is reported above, whereas the second
- one ends as follows:
- ἤσθιον: αὐτὰρ ὁ τοῖσιν ἀφείλετο νόστιμον ἦμαρ.
- ,εγ νεθόμἁ νῶτ
- θεά θύγατερ,
- .νῖμἡ ὶακ ὲπἰε ,ςόιδ
- the first paragraph of "proemio.txt" reads as follows:
- di donarmi il diluvio ti dissi
- io, o musa, scorgendo il destino.
- and the third paragraph of "proemio.txt" reads as follows:
- imperterrita irrefrenabile poiché
- memore di ciò, da qualunque principio,
- ad ogni costo, dea figlia di zeus,
- narrane cagione e spirito.
- Concluding remark: if two or more sequences as described above occur in a
- paragraph, they should all appear in the result. We are, however, not
- interested in inner subsequences. In the example above, for instance,
- (("θεά, θύγατερ διός", 2), ("dea figlia di zeus", 3))
- is not included in the solution.
- NOTE: the timeout for this exercise is of 3 seconds for each test.
- WARNING: Make sure that the uploaded file is UTF8-encoded
- (to that end, we recommend you edit the file with Spyder).
- No other files can be opened nor libriaries be included.
- '''
- """The idea suddenly came to me that I could try solving this problem by
- creating a class Paragraph. The more logical part of me then asked
- 'Why would you hurt yourself like that?'
- And as I'm not a masochist, I decided that he was right, and that I wouldn't
- hurt myself anymore than I have to."""
- def gr_to_it(tr_paragraph, sentence, gr_to_eng, eng_to_it):
- #Used inside the gr_parapgraph_finder function
- '''From a greek sentence, it forms tuples of (greek_word, it_translations)
- and adds it to the tr_paragraph'''
- for elem in sentence:
- translated_word = (elem,)
- case1 = elem in gr_to_eng.keys() and gr_to_eng[elem] != ['[unavailable]']
- case2 = elem[-1] in ".,:'" and elem[:-1] in gr_to_eng.keys() and gr_to_eng[elem[:-1]] != ['[unavailable]']
- if case1 or case2:
- #First case: there is a punctuation at the end of the word
- if elem[-1] in ".,:'":
- for eng_trans in gr_to_eng[elem[:-1]]:
- translated_word += (str(eng_to_it[eng_trans]).strip("[']")+elem[-1],)
- else:
- for eng_trans in gr_to_eng[elem]:
- translated_word += (str(eng_to_it[eng_trans]).strip("[']"),)
- tr_paragraph.append(translated_word)
- return tr_paragraph
- def gr_paragraph_divider(greek_txt_f, gr_to_eng, eng_to_it):
- """this function translates the text from greek to english to italian
- and divides it into paragraphs"""
- full_text = [] #full greek text
- translated_txt = [] #each elem will be a tr_paragraph
- counter = 0 #to see if sentence has to be reversed
- tr_paragraph = [] #translated paragraph
- tr_paragraph_num = 1
- paragraph = '' #the full greek paragraph
- with open(str(greek_txt_f), encoding='utf8') as txt:
- for line in txt:
- #division into tr_paragraphs
- if line == '\n':
- if tr_paragraph != []: #there will undoubtedly be empty tr_paragraphs
- tr_paragraph.append(tr_paragraph_num)
- translated_txt.append(tr_paragraph)
- tr_paragraph = []
- tr_paragraph_num += 1
- full_text.append(paragraph)
- paragraph = ''
- elif counter % 2 == 0:
- sentence = [word for word in line.split()] #gives you each word WITH punctuation
- tr_paragraph = gr_to_it(tr_paragraph, sentence, gr_to_eng, eng_to_it)
- counter += 1
- paragraph += ' ' + line.strip(' \n')
- paragraph = paragraph.lstrip()
- else:
- sentence = [word for word in line[::-1].split()]
- tr_paragraph = gr_to_it(tr_paragraph, sentence, gr_to_eng, eng_to_it)
- counter += 1
- paragraph += ' ' + line[::-1].strip(' \n')
- paragraph = paragraph.lstrip()
- tr_paragraph.append(tr_paragraph_num)
- translated_txt.append(tr_paragraph) #adds the last tr_paragraph to the set
- full_text.append(paragraph)
- txt.close()
- return full_text, translated_txt
- def it_paragraph_divider(italian_txt_f):
- '''Divides the italian text into paragraphs. That's all there is to it.
- It used to do more, but more turned out to be a royal pain in the ass to
- make. So now it doesn't. It does just as advertised: divides into
- paragraphs.'''
- it_text = []
- paragraph = ''
- with open(str(italian_txt_f), encoding='utf8') as txt:
- for line in txt:
- if line == '\n':
- if paragraph != '':
- it_text.append(paragraph)
- paragraph = ''
- else:
- paragraph += ' ' + line
- paragraph = paragraph.strip(' \n')
- it_text.append(paragraph)
- return it_text
- def identifier(k, gr_text, it_text):
- """Identifies the passages in common"""
- """We select the whole paragraph and check whether it's present, and we decrease
- little by little. Lord, it's... beyond hellish. Actually, let's not insult
- those who have truly been through hell. This is nothing, so let's do it.
- Let's see what this yields, we'll worry about time later.
- We will work paragraph by paragraph, we'll see how things have to be done.
- """
- it_expression = ''
- gr_expression = ''
- final_set = set()
- for it_paragraph in it_text:
- for gr_paragraph in gr_text:
- for word in gr_paragraph:
- #if word not in #other paragraphs
- pass
- pass
- def ex1(k, lexicon_gr_en_f, lexicon_en_it_f, greek_txt_f, italian_txt_f):
- #let's dictionarize the lexicons
- gr_to_eng = {}
- eng_to_it = {}
- l = []
- #dictionary for greek to english
- with open(lexicon_gr_en_f, encoding='utf8') as f:
- for line in f:
- l = line.strip('\n').split(';')
- gr_to_eng[l[0]] = l[1:]
- f.close()
- #dictionary for english to italian
- with open(lexicon_en_it_f, encoding='utf8') as f:
- for line in f:
- l = line.strip('\n').split(';')
- eng_to_it[l[0]] = l[-1]
- f.close()
- #translates the greek text and divides it into paragraphs
- gr_text, tr_gr_txt = gr_paragraph_divider(greek_txt_f, gr_to_eng, eng_to_it)
- #opens the italian file and divides it into paragraphs
- it_text = it_paragraph_divider(italian_txt_f)
- """and now for the showstopper, the king of the ring, the star of the movie:
- the identifier!"""
- return gr_text
- #ex1('k', 'lexicon-GR-EN_.csv', 'lexicon-EN-IT_.csv', 'text_GR--4_4-4.txt', 'text_IT--4_4-4.txt')
- ex1(2, "lexicon-GR-EN.csv", "lexicon-EN-IT.csv", "odyssey.txt", "proemio.txt")
- #expression_finder(['favorably', 'going,', 'lost', 'in'], ('favorably going', 'lost in'), set())
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