GCHQ CanYouCrackIt Stage 2 - PHP VM Implementation

<?php
// Dr Gareth Owen, School of Engineering, University of Greenwich
// GCHQ CanYouCrackIt Stage 2 solution
// http://gchqchallenge.blogspot.com
// To run: php vm.php
// Enable $disasm flag to enable disassembly mode

$ip = 0;
define( 'CS', 4);
define( 'DS', 5);
$gregs = array(0,0,0,0,0,0x10); // r0,1,2,3, cs, ds
// flag reg
$fl = 0;

//data
$mem = array(0x31, 0x04, 0x33, 0xaa, 0x40, 0x02, 0x80, 0x03, 0x52, 0x00, 0x72, 0x01, 0x73, 0x01, 0xb2, 0x50,0x30, 0x14, 0xc0, 0x01, 0x80, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x98, 0xab, 0xd9, 0xa1, 0x9f, 0xa7, 0x83, 0x83, 0xf2, 0xb1, 0x34, 0xb6, 0xe4, 0xb7, 0xca, 0xb8,0xc9, 0xb8, 0x0e, 0xbd, 0x7d, 0x0f, 0xc0, 0xf1, 0xd9, 0x03, 0xc5, 0x3a, 0xc6, 0xc7, 0xc8, 0xc9,0xca, 0xcb, 0xcc, 0xcd, 0xce, 0xcf, 0xd0, 0xd1, 0xd2, 0xd3, 0xd4, 0xd5, 0xd6, 0xd7, 0xd8, 0xd9,0xda, 0xdb, 0xa9, 0xcd, 0xdf, 0xdf, 0xe0, 0xe1, 0xe2, 0xe3, 0xe4, 0xe5, 0xe6, 0xe7, 0xe8, 0xe9,0x26, 0xeb, 0xec, 0xed, 0xee, 0xef, 0xf0, 0xf1, 0xf2, 0xf3, 0xf4, 0xf5, 0xf6, 0xf7, 0xf8, 0xf9,0x7d, 0x1f, 0x15, 0x60, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x52, 0x7d, 0x0e, 0x27, 0x6d, 0x10, 0x6d, 0x5a, 0x06, 0x56,0x47, 0x14, 0x42, 0x0e, 0xb6, 0xb2, 0xb2, 0xe6, 0xeb, 0xb4, 0x83, 0x8e, 0xd7, 0xe5, 0xd4, 0xd9,0xc3, 0xf0, 0x80, 0x95, 0xf1, 0x82, 0x82, 0x9a, 0xbd, 0x95, 0xa4, 0x8d, 0x9a, 0x2b, 0x30, 0x69,0x4a, 0x69, 0x65, 0x55, 0x1c, 0x7b, 0x69, 0x1c, 0x6e, 0x04, 0x74, 0x35, 0x21, 0x26, 0x2f, 0x60,0x03, 0x4e, 0x37, 0x1e, 0x33, 0x54, 0x39, 0xe6, 0xba, 0xb4, 0xa2, 0xad, 0xa4, 0xc5, 0x95, 0xc8,0xc1, 0xe4, 0x8a, 0xec, 0xe7, 0x92, 0x8b, 0xe8, 0x81, 0xf0, 0xad, 0x98, 0xa4, 0xd0, 0xc0, 0x8d,0xac, 0x22, 0x52, 0x65, 0x7e, 0x27, 0x2b, 0x5a, 0x12, 0x61, 0x0a, 0x01, 0x7a, 0x6b, 0x1d, 0x67,0x75, 0x70, 0x6c, 0x1b, 0x11, 0x25, 0x25, 0x70, 0x7f, 0x7e, 0x67, 0x63, 0x30, 0x3c, 0x6d, 0x6a,0x01, 0x51, 0x59, 0x5f, 0x56, 0x13, 0x10, 0x43, 0x19, 0x18, 0xe5, 0xe0, 0xbe, 0xbf, 0xbd, 0xe9,0xf0, 0xf1, 0xf9, 0xfa, 0xab, 0x8f, 0xc1, 0xdf, 0xcf, 0x8d, 0xf8, 0xe7, 0xe2, 0xe9, 0x93, 0x8e,0xec, 0xf5, 0xc8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x37, 0x7a, 0x07, 0x11, 0x1f, 0x1d, 0x68, 0x25, 0x32, 0x77, 0x1e, 0x62, 0x23, 0x5b, 0x47, 0x55,0x53, 0x30, 0x11, 0x42, 0xf6, 0xf1, 0xb1, 0xe6, 0xc3, 0xcc, 0xf8, 0xc5, 0xe4, 0xcc, 0xc0, 0xd3,0x85, 0xfd, 0x9a, 0xe3, 0xe6, 0x81, 0xb5, 0xbb, 0xd7, 0xcd, 0x87, 0xa3, 0xd3, 0x6b, 0x36, 0x6f,0x6f, 0x66, 0x55, 0x30, 0x16, 0x45, 0x5e, 0x09, 0x74, 0x5c, 0x3f, 0x29, 0x2b, 0x66, 0x3d, 0x0d,0x02, 0x30, 0x28, 0x35, 0x15, 0x09, 0x15, 0xdd, 0xec, 0xb8, 0xe2, 0xfb, 0xd8, 0xcb, 0xd8, 0xd1,0x8b, 0xd5, 0x82, 0xd9, 0x9a, 0xf1, 0x92, 0xab, 0xe8, 0xa6, 0xd6, 0xd0, 0x8c, 0xaa, 0xd2, 0x94,0xcf, 0x45, 0x46, 0x67, 0x20, 0x7d, 0x44, 0x14, 0x6b, 0x45, 0x6d, 0x54, 0x03, 0x17, 0x60, 0x62,0x55, 0x5a, 0x4a, 0x66, 0x61, 0x11, 0x57, 0x68, 0x75, 0x05, 0x62, 0x36, 0x7d, 0x02, 0x10, 0x4b,0x08, 0x22, 0x42, 0x32, 0xba, 0xe2, 0xb9, 0xe2, 0xd6, 0xb9, 0xff, 0xc3, 0xe9, 0x8a, 0x8f, 0xc1,0x8f, 0xe1, 0xb8, 0xa4, 0x96, 0xf1, 0x8f, 0x81, 0xb1, 0x8d, 0x89, 0xcc, 0xd4, 0x78, 0x76, 0x61,0x72, 0x3e, 0x37, 0x23, 0x56, 0x73, 0x71, 0x79, 0x63, 0x7c, 0x08, 0x11, 0x20, 0x69, 0x7a, 0x14,0x68, 0x05, 0x21, 0x1e, 0x32, 0x27, 0x59, 0xb7, 0xcf, 0xab, 0xdd, 0xd5, 0xcc, 0x97, 0x93, 0xf2,0xe7, 0xc0, 0xeb, 0xff, 0xe9, 0xa3, 0xbf, 0xa1, 0xab, 0x8b, 0xbb, 0x9e, 0x9e, 0x8c, 0xa0, 0xc1,0x9b, 0x5a, 0x2f, 0x2f, 0x4e, 0x4e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00);

dump('initial');

// instructions
$instr = array('jmp', 'movr', 'movm', 'add', 'xor', 'cmp', 'jmpe', 'hlt');

// dump array on single line
function da($nm, $arr) {
  echo "$nm=(";
  foreach($arr as $a)
    echo "$a,";
  echo ") ";
}

$disasm = 0;
$first = 0;
// main loop
while(1) {
  if($disasm && $ip > 15) { $gregs[CS]++; $ip %= 16; }
  $i = $gregs[CS] * 16 + $ip;

/*if($i == 0x10e && $first == 0) {
  $ip += 4;//0x112;
  $first = 1;
}*//*if($i > 0x100) $disasm = 1;*/

// ofset print
  printf("0x%x [%x:%x]", $i, $gregs[CS], $ip);
  echo "{$gregs[CS]}:$ip "; // mem location


  $tmpreg = $gregs;

  // out of memory
  if($i>count($mem)) { echo "oob $i\n";  exit(0); }

  $b = $mem[$i];
  $opcode = ($b & 0xE0) >> 5;
  $mod = ($b & 0x10) >> 4;
  $op1 = ($b & 0x0F);
  $op2 = $mem[$i+1];
  $bytes = 1;

// instruction stat
  if(!$disasm) {
    echo "{$instr[$opcode]} (m=$mod, op1=$op1, op2=$op2) ";
    da('r*', $gregs);
    echo " fl=$fl ";
  }

  $noadv = 0; // dont advance IP (for jumps)
  switch($opcode) {
    case 0: // jmp
      if(!$disasm)
        $ip = $gregs[$op1];

      if($mod == 1) {
        if(!$disasm)
          $gregs[CS] = $op2;
        echo "jmp $op2:r$op1\n";
        $bytes ++;
      } else echo "jmp r$op1\n";
      $noadv = 1;
      break;
    case 1: // movr
      $bytes++;
      if($mod == 0)  {
        $gregs[$op1] = $gregs[$op2];
        echo "movr r$op1, r$op2\n";
      }
      else {
        echo "movr r$op1, $op2\n";
        $gregs[$op1] = $op2;
      }
      break;
    case 2: // movm
      $bytes++;
      if($mod == 0) {
        $gregs[$op1] = $mem[$gregs[DS]*16 + $gregs[$op2]];
        echo "movm r$op1, [ds:r$op2]\n";
        if(!$disasm) echo "{$gregs[$op1]} <= [{$gregs[DS]}:{$gregs[$op2]}] {$mem[$gregs[DS]*16 + $gregs[$op2]]}";
      }
      else {
        $mem[$gregs[DS]*16 + $gregs[$op1]] = $gregs[$op2];
        echo "movm [ds:r$op1], r$op2\n";
        if(!$disasm) echo "[{$gregs[DS]}:{$gregs[$op1]}] {$mem[$gregs[DS]*16 + $gregs[$op1]]} <= {$gregs[$op2]}";
      }

      break;
    case 3: // add
      $bytes++;
      if($mod == 0) {
        $gregs[$op1] = ($gregs[$op1] + $gregs[$op2]) & 0xFF;
        echo "add r$op1, r$op2\n";
      }
      else {
        $gregs[$op1] = ($gregs[$op1] + $op2) & 0xFF;
        echo "add r$op1, $op2\n";
      }
      break;
    case 4: // xor
      $bytes++;
      if($mod == 0) {
        $gregs[$op1] ^= $gregs[$op2];
        echo "xor r$op1, r$op2\n";
      }
      else{
        $gregs[$op1] ^= $op2;
        echo "xor r$op1, $op2\n";
      }
      break;
    case 5: // cmp
      $bytes++;
      if($mod == 0)
      {
        if($gregs[$op1] == $gregs[$op2]) $fl = 0;
        else if($gregs[$op1] < $gregs[$op2]) $fl = 0xff;
        else $fl = 1;
        echo "cmp r$op1, r$op2\n";
      }
      else
      {
        if($gregs[$op1] == $op2) $fl = 0;
        else if($gregs[$op1] < $op2) $fl = 0xff;
        else $fl = 1;
        echo "cmp r$op1, $op2\n";
      }
      break;
    case 6: // jmpe
      if($fl == 0 || $disasm) {
        if(!$disasm)
          $ip = $gregs[$op1];
        $noadv = 1;
        if($mod != 0) {
          $bytes++;
          if(!$disasm)
            $gregs[CS] = $op2;
          echo "jmpe $op2:r$op1\n";
        } else echo "jmpe r$op1\n";
      }
      break;
    case 7: // hlt
      echo "hlt\n";
      if(!$disasm) {
        dump();
        exit(0);
      }
      break;
    default:
      echo "invalid\n";
  }

  if($disasm)
    $gregs=$tmpreg;

  if(!$noadv || $disasm)
    $ip+=$bytes;
  if(!$disasm)
    echo "\n";
}

function dump($f = "dump.bin") {
  global $mem;
  $o = fopen($f, "wb");
  foreach($mem as $m)
    fputs($o, chr($m));
  fclose($o);
  echo "dumped\n";
}