2016-08-23 Core: 10 good citizens, tag questions?

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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In pairs, tell your partner about what you consider to be the most important annual festival or event in your country.
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p. 117 part 2 - match the adjectives (a-d) with the nouns they can describe (1-4) and make sure you understand what they mean. Are there special festivals or events to celebrate these things where you’re from?
1 ethnic groups
2 first-generation migrants
3 extended family (contrasted with immediate family)
4 rich heritage
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What does it mean to be a “good citizen”?
What does it mean to be a global citizen or a citizen of the world?
p. 118 part 1 - Choose the correct verb to complete each collocation about being a good citizen.
1 play a part (= play a role)
2 do one’s part
3 lend a helping hand
4 take responsibility
5 show concern
6 have a say
http://corpus.byu.edu/coca/ - Type expressions to see their frequency and examples in context. (Searching for “* a say” gives the most common words that come before “a say”. Click on a word to see examples in context.)
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Both Jon and Ishmael can help you. (Talk to both of them.)
Either Jon or Ishmael can help you. (Talk to one of them, it doesn’t matter who.)
Neither Jon nor Ishmael can help you. (You need to find someone else to help you.)

I don’t either. / Neither do I. (not + either = neither)
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part 2 - How is the guy in the photo a good citizen?
part 3 - Listen and answer the questions.
1 Laws and political institutions.
2 Their duties to the community and to society.
3 Yes, there are huge differences.
4 Respect cultural differences, take care of the environment, and help poor people.
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BREAK
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p. 118 part 4 - Listen again and write what the sociologist is referring to with each phrase.
1 citizenship education
2 the intentions of people who organize this education
3 to try to help people who are worse off  than you and to understand the reasoning of people with different opinions
4 In Switzerland, only half of respondents thought always obeying the law was very important.
“The road to Hell is paved with good intentions.”
(Often when we talk about good intentions or someone who “means well”, we contrast it with the neutral or negative impact of a decision or action.)

well off / better off / worse off = In a good/better/worse position (e.g. in society).
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Language focus: tag questions = a question added (“tagged on”) to the end of a sentence
p. 119 part 6 - Listen to the questions and answer questions a-c
a 2, 4
b 1, 3, 5
c 6
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part 7 - Listen again and identify whether the intonation rises or falls.
1 rising
2 falling
3 rising
4 falling
5 rising
6 falling
How would the meaning of 1, 5, and 6 change if the intonation were reversed?
- 1 and 5 would become statements expecting agreement, and 6 would become a question asking for confirmation
Rising intonation: You know what I expect, but I’m still asking for your confirmation.
Falling intonation: I’m not asking for confirmation, because I expect we both agree with the statement.
In question 1, “surely” emphasizes that she’s pretty sure of the statement (and it gives her opinion).
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“Surely” doesn’t need a tag question at the end, it can still function to ask for confirmation.
Open questions might begin with “and” to connect them to something said previously, but they don’t have a tag question at the end (because they aren’t yes/no questions).

A: That isn’t really the point of being a good citizen.
B: And what is the point? (“is” would be stressed in this question)
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Modals in tag questions:
You speak Spanish, don’t you?
You can’t read this, can you?
- Use the same modal as the statement (do/does/did for simple present and past)
- The tag question for negative statements is positive, the tag for positive statements is usually negative.
not always: “You think that kind of duty is closer to the spirit of good citizenship, do you?”
	Still asking for confirmation (like “don’t you?”), but she is more confident that she already knows the answer, and it expresses more interest (or surprise or sympathy).
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“Surely that would be a better solution?” - Why the question mark? - It tells us about her rising intonation.

You’re a teacher. - I’m stating a fact.
You’re a teacher? - I’m surprised by this information and want confirmation. (Similar to “Really?”)
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part 8 - Change the italicized statements to statements that include tag questions.
1 You follow the news a lot, don’t you?
  So you think it’s important to keep up with political events, do you?
2 People aren’t generally very public-spirited here, are they?
3 It’s up to each individual how much they participate in public life, isn’t it? (notice singular “they”)
  Yes, but (surely) there will always be some people who want to get involved, won’t there?
  So you think it can just be left to others, do you? - expressing surprise at this opinion
4 It isn’t pleasant to live in run-down surroundings, is it?
  But (surely) you care what the city looks like, don’t you?
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Remember, there is no “am not” contraction, so we use “aren’t I” for negative questions:
I’m your friend, aren’t I? / I’m your friend, am I not?
Aren’t I your friend?
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Homework: read the article on p. 120 and do parts 3 and 4