2017-06-08 TOEFL: listening purpose, reading insertion

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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http://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-does-your-body-process-medicine-celine-valery
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Homework: DELTA p. 219-221 exercises 2.3.C-E
2.3.C
1 D
2 B
3 B
4 B C
5 A
6 D
7 C
8 C
9 A
10 D
2.3.D
1 B
2 A
3 D
4 C
5 B
2.3.E
1 C
2 D
3 A D
4 B
5 B
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Handout (Cambridge) p. 293-294 exercise L23 - Answer the questions and then compare your answers with your partner’s.
1 C
2 D
3 A
4 C
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Reading Section: First section
- 3 or 4 passages, 20 minutes/15 questions each
Reading Question Types
- fact
- negative fact
- vocabulary
- purpose
- paraphrase
- inference
- reference
- sentence insertion
- summarize
- organize/categorize
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Sentence Insertion is also sometimes called Coherence, because you need to choose the place in a paragraph where a new sentence would preserve the coherence of the whole paragraph.
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DELTA p. 123 begins the section on this type of reading question.
What order should the three sentences have to be a coherent paragraph?
	The most distinguishing characteristic of a mature tree is its self-supporting woody spine, or trunk. The trunk’s inner core consists of vertically oriented cells that are closely packed together in parallel rows. Millions upon millions of such cells form the heartwood--the nonliving central pillar on which the living tree hoists itself skyward.
Where should this sentence go?
All trees share certain growth characteristics that distinguish them from other members of the plant kingdom.
- This sentence introduces the idea of distinguishing characteristics, and the rest of the paragraph is about the most distinguishing characteristic.
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p. 124-126 describe some clues for answering these types of questions
English has many words that can only be used with exactly two things. In the list of pronouns, these are
both = A and B
either = A or B
neither = not A, not B = not A or B
the former = A
the latter = B
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If you have A, B, and C:
all = A and B and C
each = A and B and C (but this is grammatically singular)
any = A or B or C (and it doesn’t matter which one)
one = A or B or C (and it does matter, but I don’t specify)
none = not A, not B, not C
the first = A
the second = B
the last = C
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p. 129 - Choose the correct place to put the sentences in passages 1-3.
1 A
2 B
3 C
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BREAK
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Handout (Cambridge) p. 137-139 - General advice on improving reading and about the reading section of the TOEFL.
p. 170-171 exercise R7 - Choose the best option to complete each sentence, based on the underlined transition signal. Then check your answers with your partner. If you disagree, try to convince your partner that your answer is the correct one.
1 D
2 C (This is the only one that is an example of a behavior.)
3 D (This is the only point that contrasts with the fact that they come from different ancestors.)
4 C
5 C
6 A
7 B
8 D
9 A
10 A (“Indeed” confirms previous information, “In fact” somewhat contradicts it.)
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p. 172-173 exercise R8 - Choose the best location for the new sentence in each paragraph. Then compare with a partner and try to persuade your partner that your answer is correct if you disagree.
1 B
2 D
3 C (The inserted sentence elaborates on the example of animals eating fruit containing the seeds.)
4 C (The inserted sentence gives an example of a region where millwrights became highly skilled craftsmen and rapidly developed the technology.)
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p. 173-174 - Take five minutes to answer the first six questions of the reading mini-test. Then check with your partner etc.
1 C
2 B
3 C
4 A
5 B
6 D - “also” means this must be the second example of an effect of the spacious upper floor
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DELTA p. 130-132 - Finish exericse 1.7.A
4 D
5 C
6 D
7 C (“Researchers found” this information “in one study”.)
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Homework: finish 1.7.A (8-10) and complete the questions on the handout (Oxford) about addictive food.