2014-09-05 Structure: adjective clauses

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Homework: p. 202-3 exercise 1A
          p. 203 exercise 2
exercise 1A
2 N - no "that" after a comma (non-identifying clause)
3 N - "who" is the subject in this sentence
4 Y - you can omit "when" in identifying clauses
5 Y - "who" and "whom" can be "that" in identifying clauses
6 N - no "that" after a comma
("which" means the whole sentence, not just "routine")
7 N - can't use "which" for people
8 N - no "that" in non-identifying clauses

She's impatient with details, which is why she hired them.
"which" = "she's impatient with details"

She's impatient with details, which she finds very boring.
"which" = "details"
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exercise 2
2 which (= the whole sentence)
3 which
4 who
5 who
6 whom ("whom" after prepositions)
7 who
8 whose (it is her fiance; possessive)
9 (nothing)
10 who
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I like my students who come on time.
= I like only the students on time, (possibly) not the others.
"identifying" adjective clause - it's necessary to tell you which students I'm talking about

I like my students, who come on time.
= I like all of my students, and all of them come on time.
"non-identifying" clause - it's just extra information

You met his ex-wife who studied engineering.
= He has more than one ex, and you met the engineer.
identifying: answers the question, "Which one?"

You met his ex-wife, who studied engineering.
= He has one ex. Also, she is an engineer.
non-identifying: we don't need to ask "Which one?"

You met his last ex-wife, who studied engineering.
= He has more than one ex, but we're talking about the last one.
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Non-identifying clauses can be removed and we still know who or what the sentence is about.
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p. 203 exercise 1B
2 who resembles a daisy		Identifying
3 (who) you know		Identifying
4 who started...years ago	Non-identifying
5 whose energies...alone	Identifying
6 which is...business		Non-identifying
7 whom most...person		Non-identifying
8 which can...others		Non-identifying
9 who like...adventure		Identifying

Nancy is impatient with detail and routine, which is why she has hired Paul and Mandy to manage her business.

Nancy is impatient with detail and routine. That is why she has hired Paul and Mandy to manage her business.

(It's a good idea to split it into two separate sentences if each clause is very long.)
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108-word sentence:
So long as there shall exist, by reason of law and custom, a social condemnation, which, in the face of civilization, artificially creates hells on earth, and complicates a destiny that is divine, with human fatality; so long as the three problems of the age—the degradation of man by poverty, the ruin of women by starvation, and the dwarfing of childhood by physical and spiritual night—are not solved; so long as, in certain regions, social asphyxia shall be possible; in other words, and from a yet more extended point of view, so long as ignorance and misery remain on earth, books like this cannot be useless.
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p. 204 exercise 3
2 The company, which is named Excelsior Computers, has existed for 15 years.
3 The building where we do most of our work is located downtown.
(we do *most* of our work there = we do some work in other locations, so the company has more than one building)
4 The office that I work in has been remodeled.
5 Darren Corgatelli, whose wife is my aunt, is the boss.
6 Darren, whom I've known since I was a child, is an excellent boss.
7 Sarah Corgatelli, who is Darren's wife, keeps the company running smoothly.
8 I joined the company in 1995, when I graduated from college.
9 I really admire my colleagues(,) whose advice has been invaluable.
10 Part of my job is telemarketing, which I like the least.