2017-04-12 TOEFL: history vocab, reading summary

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Homework: History vocab handout p. 42, “Political Systems” reading and questions
(Do this now if you didn’t at home.)
1 A
2 D
3 1
15 B - fact
16 A - vocab
17 A - purpose
18 C - vocab
19 D - fact
20 B - vocab
21 D - fact
22 C - paraphrase
23 B - negative fact
24 A - inference
25 D - sentence insertion (“this new concept” refers to “the passing of laws came to be seen as a way to promote the well being of the people”, from the sentence directly before it. British Parliament is an example of an increase in the number of new laws, which is mentioned in the sentence before [D])
26 monarchy: A E
   democracy: B F
   dictatorship: D
	- categorize/organize information
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In this reading, we had:
- fact
- negative fact
- vocabulary
- purpose
- inference
- paraphrase
- sentence insertion
- categorize/organize
In addition to the above, what other reading question types are there?
- reference (What does a word like “this” or “those” refer to?)
- summarize (This is the other option for the last question, if it isn’t categories.)
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Summary questions - This will be the last question for reading passages about a single topic. You should be able to eliminate one or two possible answers before reading the passage, because they are minor ideas that don’t relate to the topic statement.
DELTA p. 151 - Which statements are minor or unrelated to the topic sentence, “The history of the piano began in the late seventeenth century.”?
- The dulcimer was a flat wooden box of strings that players struck with sticks. (This is a minor idea and it’s not connected to the piano in this sentence, so it isn’t a good supporting idea for the topic sentence.)
- The gramophone replaced the upright parlor piano in the twentieth century. (This is an important idea in the history of pianos, but not important to the fact that the history began in the seventeenth century.)

- Composers were slow in accepting the piano because the harpsichord dominated music. (If true, this would be an important idea in the early history of the piano. However, it is not mentioned in the passage.)
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p. 152 - Take 3 minutes to read the passage and choose the three most important ideas in the passage.
A C F
Sentence E doesn’t include any of the relevant information about The Blue Boat, so it’s not a correct answer choice here.
(“The Blue Boat is a watercolor painting that combines structural elements and color in perfect unity” would be a correct answer choice, because now it gives more relevant information.)
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BREAK
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Handout (Cambridge) p. 217-218 - With your partner, identify whether each sentence is a correct Summary statement, a minor Detail, or something that is Not mentioned in the paragraph.
1 N S D
2 N D S
3 S N D
4 D N S
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p. 219-222 - Take 3 minutes each to choose the three correct summary statements for each passage.
1 B D F
2 B C F
3 A C D
4 C E F
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“Other drivers become the enemy and the car, a weapon.”
- It’s common to leave out repeated words, even when the grammatical form of the word should be different in the second place: “Other drivers become the enemy and the car [becomes] a weapon.”
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DELTA p. 153-156 - Take 12 minutes to read the passages and choose the summary sentences for 2-5 (Finish exercise 1.8.A)
2 B E F
3 B D E
4 A B E
5 A C E
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Homework: p. 157-163 exercises 1.8.B and 1.8.C