2017-10-17 TOEFL: word roots, reading purpose

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Word Roots (list 3) - With your partner, try to explain the meaning of each root.
ego = self
endo = in/inside (the opposite is “ecto” or “exo”)
epi = on/upon
equi = same (quantity)
erg = work
esth/aesth = feel (many words that start with “aesth” have to do with beauty)
eu = good (opposite of “dys”)
ex/ect = out/outside (an ex-husband is out of the position of husband)
extra = beyond
fac/fact = make
fer = carry
flect/flex = bend
fore = before/front (This is historically related to “first” and pre/pro/proto/prime.)
fract/frag = break
fug = escape
funct = work/perform
gen = create/make/birth (From the “birth” meaning, we get more general words related to “family” and “type”. This root is related to the root of “kind” in English.)
geo = Earth
graph = write/draw
grat = favor/please
helio = sun
hemo = blood
hetero = different
homo = same (more qualitative than quantitative)
hydro = water (or more generally fluid)
hyper = over
hypo = under
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Reading Section: first section, 60-80 minutes, three or four passages, 20 minutes each
Question Types:
- fact
- negative fact
- vocabulary
- purpose
- reference
- inference
- paraphrase
- sentence insertion
- summarize
- organize
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DELTA p. 91 - explanation of purpose questions
- Most purpose quesions are or can be rephrased as “why” questions about the author.
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p. 94-95 - Take 5 minutes to answer the first four questions of exercise 1.5.B. Then check with your partner. Convince them of your answer(s) if you disagree.
1 A
2 D
3 B
4 A
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BREAK
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Handout (Oxford) p. 348 - Read the passage about altruism and write synonyms for each academic word in exercise 6R6
1 emotional bond
2 recipient
3 connecting
4 shortly
5 composed
6 disagree with
7 meaning
8 dedicate
9 unit
10 hurt
11 case
12 depend
Then answer the questions in 6R7 on the next page.
1 d
2 c
3 b
4 d
5 c
6 b
7 d
The “number of reasons” sentence at the end of paragraph 2 tells us that the following paragraphs will explain “reasons for the prevalence of altruism is such a wide variety of species”.
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p. 352-353 - Read the passage and find synonyms for the academic words in part 6R11.
1 f
2 j
3 c (A commodity is something that can be bought and sold.)
4 i
5 h
6 a
7 d
8 g
9 k
10 e
11 b
Now take 5 minutes to answer the purpose questions in 6R13 on 353 and 354.
1 b
2 b
3 b
4 b
5 c
6 b
7 b
8 d
9 c
10 b
	(Answer ‘c’ would mean that people get plastic surgery in order to look like they can produce healthy offspring.)
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DELTA p. 96-97 - Finish exercise 1.5.A
5 C
6 D
7 C
8 C
9 A
10 C
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Homework: DELTA p. 98-100 exercise 1.5.B