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- Mohammad Siddiqi
- Chapter 16 ID Terms
- North American Revolution: Successful rebellion against the British colonized in North America occurred because of the British government trying to extract wealth from the colonies, imposing unnecessary taxes to those in the colonies
- French Revolution: Was influenced by the North American Revolution that occurred before; started by social inequality: the Third Estate (commoners) who rebelled against the French social hierarchy
- Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen: Related to French Revolution; declaration shortly made after the creation of the National Assembly; declaration says “men are born and remain free and equal in rights”
- Napoleon Bonaparte: A highly successful general who seized power in France in 1799; kept revolution’s emphasis on social equality for men but dispensed with liberty; credited for preserving civil equality, religious freedom, and promotion by merit
- Haitian Revolution: First successful slave rebellion in history; triggered by rumors that the French king had declared an end to slavery, burning 1,000 plantations and killed whites/mixed-race people; slaves had control and Toussaint Louverture, a former slave, made an excellent leader
- Spanish American Revolutions: Spanish monarchy imposed heavier taxes (just like North America) for more power; many disorganized protests occurred, therefore delaying their independence by five decades until they were forced to take action when Napoleon invaded Spain and Portugal, deposing the Spanish king Ferdinand VII; they however never united due to geographical obstacles preventing communication and long distances between colonies
- Abolitionist Movement: Movement that concentrated in giving slaves freedom; brought pressures on many countries’ governments to shut down slave trade and slavery itself
- Nationalism: The focusing of citizens' loyalty on the notion that they are part of a "nation" with a unique culture, territory, and destiny; became an element of political culture
- Vindication of the Right of Woman: Written by Mary Wollstonecraft in 1792; one of the earliest expressions of a feminist consciousness.
- Maternal Feminism: Movement that claimed women have value in society not because of equality, but because women have a vital role as mothers; argued that women have the right to participate in civil and political life because of their duty to watch over the future of their children
- Kartini: A Javanese women (1879-1904) from an elite background who has come to be regarded as a pioneer of both feminism and nationalism thinking in Indonesia
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