% \documentclass[12pt,letter,twoside=semi]{article}

\usepackage{amsmath,amsfonts,amsthm,amssymb,mathtools,physics} % Math packages
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} % Required for non-English characters
\usepackage[english]{babel} % Spell-checking
\usepackage[usenames,svgnames,dvipsnames]{xcolor} % Color with dvips names
\usepackage[hidelinks]{hyperref}
\usepackage[parfill]{parskip}
\usepackage[nameinlink]{cleveref}
\usepackage{fancyhdr} % Required for custom headers
\usepackage{lastpage} % Required to determine the last page for the footer
\usepackage{extramarks} % Required for header and footer marks
\usepackage{enumitem} % Allows [label=(\roman*)] and similar to be labels for enumerate
\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry} % Sets page margin
\usepackage{esdiff} % Defines commands for differentials
\usepackage{listings} % Listings IDE environment
\usepackage[safe]{tipa} % IPA
\usepackage{graphicx} % Easy inclusion of graphics
\usepackage{tikz} % Tikz
\usepackage{microtype}
\usepackage{url}
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}
\usepackage{stmaryrd}
\usepackage[strings]{underscore}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{rotating}
\usepackage{prerex}
\graphicspath{{/Users/0nami/Documents/Figures/}}
\usepackage{import,xifthen,pdfpages,transparent} % Allows embedding Inkscape and similar
\mathtoolsset{showonlyrefs} % Only referenced equations are numbered
\usepackage{xfrac} % Allows for slanted fractions using \sfrac{*}{*}
\usepackage{etoolbox}

\setlength{\headheight}{22pt}

% The following sets up the header and footer
\fancyhf{}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\lhead{\Large{\textbf{\noteCourse}}} %left header
\chead{\noteTitle} %central header
\lfoot{\noteName} %left footer
\rhead{\today} % right header
\rfoot{Page\ \thepage\ of\ \pageref{LastPage}} % right footer
\renewcommand\headrulewidth{0.5pt} % Size of the header rule
% \renewcommand\footrulewidth{0.2pt} % Size of the footer rule [COMMENTED OUT - TEST]

% Thoerem
\setlength {\marginparwidth }{2cm}
\usepackage[textsize=scriptsize,shadow]{todonotes}
\usepackage{thmtools}
\usepackage[framemethod=tikz]{mdframed}
\usepackage[many]{tcolorbox}
\tcbuselibrary{theorems}

\makeatletter
\newcommand\notefont{\normalfont\sffamily}
\def\tcb@theo@title#1#2#3{%
	\ifdefempty{#2}{\setbox\z@=\hbox{#1}}{\setbox\z@=\tcb@theo@form{#1}{#2}}%
	\def\temp@a{#3}%
	\ifx\temp@a\@empty\relax%
	\unhbox\z@\kvtcb@terminatorsign%
	\else%
	\setbox\z@=\hbox{\unhbox\z@\kvtcb@separatorsign\ }%
	\hangindent\wd\z@%
	\hangafter=1%
	\mbox{\unhbox\z@}{\notefont\kvtcb@desc@delim@left#3\kvtcb@desc@delim@right\kvtcb@terminatorsign}%
	\fi%
}
\makeatother

\newtcbtheorem[number within = section]{theorem}{Theorem}{%
	colback=Red!7,
	colframe=Black!40!Red,
	sharp corners,
	theorem style = break,
	fonttitle = \bfseries\sffamily,
	coltitle = Black!40!Red,
	separator sign dash,
	terminator sign none,
	description delimiters none,
	boxrule = 1pt,
	parbox = false,
}{theorem}

\newtcbtheorem[use counter from = theorem]{definition}{Definition}{%
	colback=RoyalBlue!7,
	colframe=NavyBlue!60!RoyalBlue,
	theorem style = plain,
	fonttitle = \bfseries\sffamily,
	coltitle = NavyBlue!60!RoyalBlue,
	sharp corners,
	separator sign none,
	terminator sign dash,
	leftrule = 2pt,
	bottomrule = 0pt,
	toprule = 0pt,
	rightrule = 0pt,
	parbox = false,
}{def}

\newtcbtheorem{keyterms}{Key Terms}{%
	colback=ForestGreen!5,
	colframe=ForestGreen!70!black,
	theorem style = plain,
	fonttitle = \bfseries\sffamily,
	theorem name,
	coltitle = ForestGreen!70!black,
	sharp corners,
	separator sign none,
	terminator sign dash,
	leftrule = 2pt,
	bottomrule = 0pt,
	toprule = 0pt,
	rightrule = 0pt,
	parbox = false,
}{def}

\newtcbtheorem[use counter from = theorem]{example}{Example}{%
	colback=ForestGreen!5,
	colframe=ForestGreen!70!black,
	theorem style = break,
	fonttitle = \bfseries\sffamily,
	coltitle = ForestGreen!70!black,
	separator sign dash,
	terminator sign none,
	description delimiters none,
	boxrule = 0.8pt,
	parbox = false,
	breakable,
}{exam}

\let\homework\undefined
\newtcbtheorem{homework}{Homework}{%
	colback=Plum!12,
	colframe=BlueViolet!80!Black,
	theorem style = break,
	fonttitle = \bfseries\sffamily,
	coltitle = BlueViolet!80!Black,
	separator sign dash,
	terminator sign none,
	sharp corners,
	description delimiters none,
	boxrule = 0pt,
	theorem name,
	parbox = false,
}{hw}

\newtcbtheorem{homeworksolution}{Solution}{%
	colback=Plum!12,
	colframe=BlueViolet!80!Black,
	theorem style = plain,
	fonttitle = \bfseries\sffamily,
	theorem name,
	coltitle = BlueViolet!80!Black,
	sharp corners,
	separator sign none,
	terminator sign dash,
	leftrule = 2pt,
	bottomrule = 0pt,
	toprule = 0pt,
	rightrule = 0pt,
	parbox = false,
	breakable,
}{def}

\newtcbtheorem[use counter from = theorem]{lemma}{Lemma}{%
	colback=BurntOrange!8,
	colframe=RawSienna!50,
	sharp corners,
	theorem style = break,
	fonttitle = \bfseries\sffamily,
	coltitle = RawSienna,
	separator sign dash,
	terminator sign none,
	description delimiters none,
	boxrule = 1pt,
	parbox = false,
}{lem}

\newtcbtheorem[use counter from = theorem]{corollary}{Corollary}{%
	colback=BurntOrange!8,
	colframe=RawSienna!50,
	sharp corners,
	theorem style = break,
	fonttitle = \bfseries\sffamily,
	coltitle = RawSienna,
	separator sign dash,
	terminator sign none,
	description delimiters none,
	boxrule = 1pt,
	parbox = false,
}{lem}

\newtcbtheorem{remark}{Remark}{%
	colback=Black!4,
	colframe=Black,
	sharp corners,
	theorem style = plain,
	fonttitle = \bfseries\sffamily,
	theorem name,
	coltitle = Black,
	separator sign none,
	terminator sign dash,
	description delimiters none,
	boxrule = 0pt,
	parbox = false,
}{rem}

\newtcbtheorem[use counter from = theorem]{proposition}{Proposition}{%
	colback=Black!4,
	colframe=Black,
	sharp corners,
	theorem style = break,
	fonttitle = \bfseries\sffamily,
	coltitle = Black,
	separator sign dash,
	terminator sign none,
	description delimiters none,
	boxrule = 0pt,
	parbox = false,
}{prop}

\newtcbtheorem[use counter from = theorem]{fact}{Fact}{%
	colback=Black!4,
	colframe=Black,
	sharp corners,
	theorem style = break,
	fonttitle = \bfseries\sffamily,
	coltitle = Black,
	theorem name,
	separator sign dash,
	terminator sign none,
	description delimiters none,
	boxrule = 0pt,
	parbox = false,
}{prop}

\newtcbtheorem{question}{Question}{%
	colback=Plum!12,
	colframe=BlueViolet!80!Black,
	theorem style = break,
	fonttitle = \bfseries\sffamily,
	coltitle = BlueViolet!80!Black,
	separator sign dash,
	terminator sign none,
	description delimiters none,
	boxrule = 0.8pt,
	theorem name,
	parbox = false,
}{hw}

\newtcbtheorem{exercise}{Exercise}{%
	colback=Plum!12,
	colframe=BlueViolet!80!Black,
	theorem style = break,
	fonttitle = \bfseries\sffamily,
	coltitle = BlueViolet!80!Black,
	separator sign dash,
	terminator sign none,
	description delimiters none,
	boxrule = 0.8pt,
	parbox = false,
}{hw}

\newtcbtheorem{hwq}{Problem}{%
	colback=Black!4,
	colframe=Black,
	sharp corners,
	theorem style = break,
	fonttitle = \bfseries\sffamily,
	coltitle = Black,
	separator sign none,
	terminator sign none,
	description delimiters none,
	boxrule = 0pt,
	parbox = false,
}{hw}

\newtcbtheorem{hwb}{}{%
	colback=Black!4,
	colframe=Black,
	sharp corners,
	theorem style = break,
	fonttitle = \bfseries\sffamily,
	coltitle = Black,
	theorem name,
	separator sign none,
	terminator sign none,
	description delimiters none,
	boxrule = 0pt,
	parbox = false,
}{hw}

\newtheorem*{claim}{Claim}
\newtheorem{abuse}{Abuse of Notation}

% The following allows importation of Inkscape and similar images
% Use ctrl + m + f to automatically create the \begin environment for figures
% or ctrl + m + p for pngs
\newcommand{\incfig}[1]{
	\def\svgwidth{\columnwidth}
	\import{/Users/0nami/Documents/Figures/}{#1.pdf_tex}
}

% The following sets up the listings IDE environment
\definecolor{superlightgray}{RGB}{242,242,242} % Creates background colour for code segments
\lstset{frame=single,
	language=Python,
	aboveskip=3mm,
	belowskip=3mm,
	showstringspaces=false,
	columns=flexible,
	basicstyle={\small\ttfamily},
	numbers=left,
	numberstyle=\tiny\color{gray},
	keywordstyle=\color{PineGreen},
	commentstyle=\color{gray},
	stringstyle=\color{Fuchsia},
	breaklines=true,
	breakatwhitespace=true,
	backgroundcolor=\color{superlightgray},
	tabsize=4
}

% The following establishes some text shorthands
\newcommand{\defin}[1]{\textsf{\textbf{\textcolor{Cerulean!84!Black}{#1}}}} % Definitions
\newcommand{\disting}[1]{\textbf{\textcolor{OliveGreen}}{#1}} % Distinguished words (green)
\newcommand{\aside}[1]{\textit{\textcolor{Sepia}{#1}}} % Asides
\newcommand{\code}[1]{\texttt{\textcolor{OliveGreen}{#1}}} % Code snippets (short)
\newcommand{\bb}[1]{\mathbb{#1}} % Blackboard bold
\newcommand{\equal}[1]{\mathrel{\overset{\makebox[0pt]{\mbox{\normalfont\tiny\sffamily\textcolor{Magenta}{#1}}}}{=}}} % Text over equality
\newcommand{\hl}{\hline} % \hl for horizontal line
\definecolor{LightYellow}{RGB}{255,255,212} % Defines \hw background colour

% The following sets some linear algebra shorthands
\newcommand{\V}[1]{\begin{pmatrix}#1\end{pmatrix}} % \V for fast vectors
\newcommand{\B}[1]{\bar{#1}} % \B for fast bars
\newcommand{\M}[1]{\begin{bmatrix}#1\end{bmatrix}} % \M for fast matrices
\def\<#1,#2>{\langle #1,#2 \rangle} % Allows \<a,b> for langle/rangle notation

% The following allows vertical bars in matrices
\makeatletter
\renewcommand*\env@matrix[1][*\c@MaxMatrixCols c]{%
	\hskip -\arraycolsep
	\let\@ifnextchar\new@ifnextchar
	\array{#1}}
\makeatother

\newcommand{\ve}{\varepsilon}
\newcommand{\vp}{\varphi}
\newcommand{\R}{\mathbb{R}}
\newcommand{\N}{\mathbb{N}}
\newcommand{\Z}{\mathbb{Z}}
\newcommand{\C}{\mathbb{C}}
\newcommand{\Q}{\mathbb{Q}}
\newcommand{\F}{\mathbb{F}}
\newcommand{\cR}{\mathcal{R}}
\newcommand{\cN}{\mathcal{N}}

\newcommand{\Mod}[1]{\ (\mathrm{mod}\ #1)}

\newcommand{\eco}[3]{\begin{corollary}{#1}{#2}#3\end{corollary}}
\newcommand{\ere}[3]{\begin{remark}{#1}{#2}#3\end{remark}}
\newcommand{\ethr}[3]{\begin{theorem}{#1}{#2}#3\end{theorem}}
\newcommand{\ede}[3]{\begin{definition}{#1}{#2}#3\end{definition}}
\newcommand{\eex}[3]{\begin{example}{#1}{#2}#3\end{example}}
\newcommand{\hw}[3]{\begin{homework}{#1}{#2}#3\end{homework}}
\newcommand{\hws}[3]{\begin{homeworksolution}{#1}{#2}#3\end{homeworksolution}}
\newcommand{\kt}[3]{\begin{keyterms}{#1}{#2}#3\end{keyterms}}
\newcommand{\ehw}[3]{\begin{homework}{#1}{#2}#3\end{homework}}
\newcommand{\ehws}[3]{\begin{homeworksolution}{#1}{#2}#3\end{homeworksolution}}
\newcommand{\ekt}[3]{\begin{keyterms}{#1}{#2}#3\end{keyterms}}
\newcommand{\efa}[3]{\begin{fact}{#1}{#2}#3\end{fact}}

#input the preamble with all the declaremathoperators