отжиг

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

double temperature(double i)
{
 double temp;
 temp = 48/(i);
 return temp;
}

double trans(double znach_p)
{
  int result = 0;
  int x_rand = rand()%1;

  if (x_rand <= znach_p)
   result = 1;

  return result;
}

double p(double delta_e, double temperature)
{
  double result;
  result = exp(-delta_e/temperature);
  return result;
}

int main()
{
	ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(NULL);
	cout.flush();
	double znach_pred = 0, znach_next = 0, x_pred = 0, x_next = 50, delta_e = 0, ver = 0, temp = 45;

  cout.flush() << "? " << x_pred << endl;
    cin >> znach_pred;

	for (int i = 1; i < 50; i++)
  {
    temp = temperature(i);

		cout.flush() << "? " << x_next << endl;
    cin >> znach_next;

    delta_e = znach_next - znach_pred;

    if (delta_e < 0)
     znach_next = znach_pred;
     else
     {
       ver = p(delta_e, temp);
       if(trans(ver))
        {
          znach_pred = znach_next;
          x_pred = x_next;
        }
     }
	}

	cout.flush() << "! " << x_next << endl;
}