template <int I> struct A {};

char xxx(int);
char xxx(float);

template <class T> A<sizeof(xxx((T)0))> f(T){}

int main()
{
    f(1);
}

struct X {};
struct Y
{
    Y(X){}
};

template <class T> auto f(T t1, T t2) -> decltype(t1 + t2); // #1
X f(Y, Y);  // #2

X x1, x2;
X x3 = f(x1, x2);  // deduction fails on #1 (cannot add X+X), calls #2

#include <iostream>

struct not_a_type{};

// catch-all case
void test(...)
{
  std::cout << "Couldn't calln";
}

// catch when C is a reference-to-class type and F is a member function pointer
template<class C, class F>
auto test(C c, F f) -> decltype((c.*f)(), void()) // 'C' is reference type
{
  std::cout << "Could call on referencen";
}

// catch when C is a pointer-to-class type and F is a member function pointer
template<class C, class F>
auto test(C c, F f) -> decltype((c->*f)(), void()) // 'C' is pointer type
{
  std::cout << "Could call on pointern";
}

struct X{
  void f(){}
};

int main(){
  X x;
  test(x, &X::f);
  test(&x, &X::f);
  test(42, 1337);
}

struct has_member_begin_test{
  template<class U>
  static auto test(U* p) -> decltype(p->begin(), std::true_type());
  template<class>
  static auto test(...) -> std::false_type;
};

template<class T>
struct has_member_begin
  : decltype(has_member_begin_test::test<T>(0)) {};

struct has_member_begin_test{
  template<class U>
  static auto test(U* p) -> decltype(p->begin(), std::true_type());
  template<class>
  static auto test(...) -> std::false_type;
};

template<class T>
struct has_member_begin
  : decltype(has_member_begin_test::test<T>(0)) {};

struct has_member_begin_test{
  template<class U>
  static auto test(U* p) -> decltype(p->begin(), std::true_type());
  template<class>
  static auto test(...) -> std::false_type;
};

template<class T>
struct has_member_begin
  : decltype(has_member_begin_test::test<T>(0)) {};