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- December 25th was not originally celebrated as the birthdate of Jesus in the early Christian church, and there is no historical evidence to support this claim. The date of December 25th was chosen as the date to celebrate Christmas by the Roman Catholic Church in the 4th century AD, in an effort to Christianize the pagan celebrations that were already occurring on this date.
- In pre-Christian Rome, December 25th was known as the festival of Saturnalia, a celebration honoring the god Saturn. During this festival, Romans would exchange gifts, feast, and decorate their homes with greenery, such as holly and ivy.
- Another pagan celebration that occurred around the same time as Saturnalia was the birth of the Persian god Mithras, which was celebrated on December 25th. Mithraism was a popular religion in the Roman Empire during the early Christian era, and some scholars believe that the date of December 25th may have been chosen by the Catholic Church to co-opt this pagan holiday.
- In addition to these pagan festivals, some early Christians may have associated December 25th with the birth of Jesus due to biblical and theological reasons. For example, some early Christians believed that Jesus was conceived and crucified on the same day of the year, and therefore calculated his birth to be on December 25th.
- Overall, the association between the pagan festivals of Saturnalia and Mithras and the birth of Jesus is largely a matter of speculation and debate among scholars.
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