1. People who do not use drugs are touched every day through the latest media story about cocaine or other massive drug arrests funded by taxpayer dollars. Those who don抰 use drugs are also affected by the estimated 12 percent of the entire United States work force under the influence of illicit drugs or alcohol on any given day. When our co-workers use drugs, the effectiveness of our own work is diminished. If the car we drive was assembled by a drug user at the plant, we are in danger. Our safety is jeopardized if the driver, engineer, or pilot is using drugs while transporting us.


a. Drug users are a danger to society.
b. Non-drug users are not affected by the use of drugs in our society.
c. The prevalence of drugs in society is increasing and people need to be aware of its negative effects.
d. People who do not use drugs are still affected by drugs in everyday situations.
e. The United States is the only country where drugs are having a significant impact on society.
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2. Almost 50% of American teens are not vigorously active on a regular basis, contributing to a trend of sluggishness among Americans of all ages, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC).  Adolescent female students are particularly inactive- 29% are inactive compared with 15% of male students.  Unfortunately, the sedentary habits of young 揷ouch potatoes?often continue into adulthood.  Inactivity can be a serious health risk factor, setting the stage for obesity and associated chronic illnesses.  The benefits of exercise include building bone, muscle, and joints, controlling weight, and preventing the development of high blood pressure.
Some studies suggest that physical activity may have other benefits as well.  One CDC study found that high school students who take part in team sports or are physically active outside of school are less likely to engage in risky behaviors, like using drugs or smoking.  The CDC recommends moderate, daily physical activity for people of all ages, such as brisk walking for 30 minutes or 15 to 20 minutes of more intense exercise.  A survey conducted by the National Association for Sport and Physical Education questioned teens about their attitudes toward exercise and about what it would take to get them moving.Teens chose friends (56%) as their most likely motivators for becoming more active, followed by parents (18%) and professional athletes (11%).

a. The lack of physical activity is a factor in the rise of obesity.
b. The CDC recommends moderate, daily physical activity for people of all ages.
c. Physical activity has been proven to have positive effects on a teen抯 health.
d. Studies show that teenagers are more inactive than adults.
e. A majority of teens are not active on a regular basis.
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3. Is your happiness within your control?  Are people born naturally happy or sad?  One important key to psychological health is the way you think about and interpret events in your life.  For example, if you say 揾ello?to someone and don抰 get a response, do you begin to wonder if that person is angry with you?  Or do you surmise that he or she didn抰 hear you or perhaps was distracted?  Research shows that having a positive interpretation of life抯 events, particularly how you cope with adversity, can make a significant difference in terms of your health, academic and work performance, as well as how long you live.  Do you see the glass half empty, as pessimists do, or half full, as optimists do?  Does it matter?  Again, studies overwhelmingly contend that your perspective makes a tremendous difference in your psychological health.  Compared to pessimists, optimists tend to contract fewer infectious diseases, have better health habits, possess stronger immune systems, be more successful in their careers, and perform better in sports, music, and academics.


a. People are born naturally optimistic or pessimistic.
b. Pessimists are not able to control their own happiness.
c. Interpreting life抯 events in a positive way and maintaining an optimistic perspective can have a positive effect on many aspects of your life.
d. People who perform better in sports, music, academics, and are successful in their careers are usually optimists.
e. People抯 happiness is only affected by their psychological health.
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4. Many pests attack vegetable plants while they are growing and there are many ways of controlling them.  The first and most important is to destroy their breeding places.  Be sure the garden is free of weeds, trash, brush, etc.  Bugs and worms can be controlled if they are picked off by hand early in the morning and late in the afternoon and killed.  Insecticides and fungicides also control insects and disease.  Your local authorities can tell you how to use them.  Find out from your agricultural workers which plant diseases and pests give trouble in your area and what is recommended for controlling them.


a. There are many ways of controlling pests that attack vegetable plants.
b. Pests that harm vegetable plants must be controlled.
c. The best time to control bugs and worms is early in the morning or late in the afternoon.
d. Get help from agricultural workers in order to control pests and plant diseases.
e. The best way to control pests is by using insecticides and fungicides.
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5. Morale is often influenced by the conditions under which a person is working.  The effect of surroundings on general emotional attitude is familiar to everyone.  On a dull day everything seems to go wrong, and the attractiveness or unattractiveness of the working place operates in similar fashion.  Clear windows that admit a cheerful amount of daylight, and good janitor service that minimizes the accumulation of rubbish or scrap will help.  In one instance a new organization took over a plant where morale was pretty bad, and, by the simple expedient of brightening it up with whitewash, made an almost overnight improvement.


a. Morale is higher in daytime than at nighttime.
b. The cleanliness of the plant in which a person works affects morale.
c. The surroundings in which you work affect morale.
d. The attitudes of the employer affect morale.
e. Morale is the conditions under which a person is working.
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6. The theory that global warming is the result of human activity is not proven.  Furthermore, there is insufficient evidence to support the idea that slightly increased temperatures on Earth would result in the kind of harm that some fear.  There is simply not enough evidence about global warming to support making dramatic changes in human activity that would certainly cause significant economic and social problems around the world.
Measuring Earth抯 temperature is an inexact science at best.  Scientists do not agree on what the current average surface temperature is, much less on what the temperature was more than 100 years ago, before modern instruments were available to measure surface temperature.  There is actually satellite data showing that there has been a slight cooling during the last twenty years or so.  Even those scientists who report that there has been a temperature increase are only claiming about one-half of one degree Celsius, an amount that is easily attributed to natural variations that have no connection to human activity.

a. Global warming is a serious threat to the environment and humans need to be aware of this issue.
b. Measuring Earth抯 temperature is a difficult task for scientists.
c. It is difficult to measure changes in global temperatures; therefore,there is not enough evidence to prove that human activity is the cause for these changes.
d. Human activity is causing for Earth抯 temperature to change, which results in global warming.
e. Global warming is an effect of the natural changes in the environment.
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7. Louis XIV抯 reign can be characterized by the remark often attributed to him, 揑 am the state.? Although there is some disagreement regarding the attribution, historians agree that the statement neatly sums up the attitude of 揟he Sun King.? Also known as 揟he Grand Monarch?due to his expansion of French territory and his focus on improving and exporting French culture, Louis sat on the throne of France for over fifty years and built his country into a dominant force in Europe, and, arguably, the world.  Among his many accomplishments, he increased France抯 territory in Europe and her empire abroad.  He built several masterpieces of architecture, including Versailles, and improved and expanded several others, such as Louvre.  Louis was also successful in adding Spain to his dynasty.  In fact, the current King of Spain, Juan Carlos, is his direct descendant.  Even within the United States, Louis XIV抯 influence is still felt; the state of Louisiana was named for him.
Although he was successful in military and cultural pursuits, his reign was hard on the populace of France as he continually raised taxes to finance his wars and lavish palaces.
Ruling as an absolute monarch with no checks on his power, Louis XIV answered to no one.  His ruthless expansionism and excessive taxation led not only to bitter feelings among the lower classes but, some argue, to the French Revolution over fifty years after his death.
a. Louis XIV is known for his great accomplishments and creating resentment at home during his reign.
b. Louis XIV抯 accomplishments made him one of the greatest rulers of his time.
c. The French Revolution was a result of Louis XIV抯 reign.
d. Louis XIV is responsible for expanding France抯 empire.
e. Louis XIV is a prime example of a ruler who undermined his subjects.
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8. Frank Frazetta undoubtedly ranks among the greatest painters of all time, and his work will be studied by future generations in the same way that today抯 students study the works of Michelangelo and DaVinci.  While his paintings were primarily done for paperback book covers and movie posters, his work transcends its commercial roots and has influenced an entire generation of illustrators and painters.  His themes of barbaric violence and artistic nudity overwhelm some more faint-hearted viewers.  However, even the squeamish must admit the talent and skill that Frazetta brings to bear on his work.  His idealized human forms are famous for being lifelike and, at the same time, appearing stronger and more attractive than any actual humans that we have ever met in our own lives.  Although he has many imitators, none have been able to capture the power and dynamism of a Frazetta character.


a. Frank Frazetta is the greatest artist of all time and his work will be studied by people around the world.
b. Frank Frazetta抯 unique style has influenced a generation of artists and will be studied like that of the great masters .
c. Frazetta is famous for his work on movie posters and book covers.
d. Frazetta抯 life-like creations are not of the same stature as the works of Michelangelo and DaVinci.
e. Because of Frazetta抯 imitators, he is becoming one of the most renowned artists.
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9. The Federal Trade Commission has taken action against several infomercial producers when it decided their programs had the potential to be deceptive because viewers might believe the infomercial is a bona fide show.  Some viewers have sued TV stations for losses when they were deceived by the advertisers.  To avoid these problems, some infomercial producers and television stations voluntarily include a disclaimer to avoid lawsuits claiming deception or FTC actions.  But because people tend to change channels frequently they may miss the disclaimer and thus be unaware of the true nature of the infomercial.


a. Infomercials are causing for an increase in lawsuits against the Federal Trade Commission.
b. Television viewers may be deceived by the information they obtain from infomercials.
c. The Federal Trade Commission uses disclaimers to avoid deception.
d. Television programs are deceiving their viewers by providing them with false information.
e. An infomercial is a brief program used to advertise products.
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10. Although Americans today are having fewer children than in past generations, the fact remains that parenting-related decisions and the development of parenting skills are important components of the young adulthood years.  Decisions regarding parenting involve important questions regarding age for the onset of parenting, number of children, adoption, and the desired interval between subsequent children.  It also involves decisions about the manner in which parenting will be undertaken and the role it will play relative to the overall aspirations of the parents involved.  In today抯 complex society, young adults need to more clearly than ever understand the significant differences between reproduction and parenting.  Consequently, we assign the development of parenting skills as a socially anticipated development task for young adults.


a. Parenting-related decisions and the development of parenting skills are important components of the young adult years.
b. Young adults need to recognize the minor difference between reproduction and parenting.
c. Parenting is the most important task in an adult抯 life.
d. Young adults are becoming more sexually active in today抯 society and need to become aware of parenting responsibilities.
e. Americans are having fewer children than in past generations.
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