- Function of DNA
		○ The information in a segment of DNA lies in the sequence of bases that exists along it length
		○ A section of DNA that codes for one particular protein is called a gene
	- Protein Manufacture
		Codon - D	Small structure in the cytoplasm where mRNA is translated into an amino acid chain. - 2

		Ribosome - A	A base only found in RNA, which replaces the base thymine found in DNA. - 4

		Polypeptide - E	A strand of mRNA is produced by complimentary pairing of bases with one strand of DNA in the nucleus - 5

		Uracil - B	Alternative name for a base pair triplet. - 1

		Transcription - C	A chain of amino acids that will form part of a protein.
		 	 - 3

	- Function of protein
		○ Proteins determine physical and metabolic traits and regulate growth and development
			§ Structural proteins - e.g. dystrophin (in muscle), collagen (in connective tissue)
			§ Enzymes - e.g. amylase, catalase
			§ Hormones - insulin, glucagon, growth hormone
			§ Transport molecules - haemoglobin
	- Research task
		○ Find a protein that interests you
		○ I.E - Proteins to do with
			§ Muscle recovery
			§ Cosmetics (skin proteins)
			§ Beauty (Hair)
		○ Create a quick summary
		○ Keratin
			§ Keratin is a major protein in skin, hair and nails. Keratin acts as an external protective protein in the outer layer of a hair strand and it's used as a structural protein in the inner core of hair which helps strengthen the hair
	- Proteins
		○ Proteins are also polymers
			§ They are made of amino acids (Monomers)
			§ A long chain of amino acids make up a protein
			§ There are 20 different amino acids
	- Codons or triplets
		○ A codon is a group of three nucleotides
		○ Codons code for specific amino acids
	- Why only 20 amino acids
		○ Some amino acids are coded for by multiple codons
			§ Serine is coded for by 6 different codons
		○ Decreases the chance of a 'mutation' having an effect
	- Essential Amino Acids
		○ Some amino acids can't be manufactured by our bodies fast enough to meet demand
		○ We must acquire these amino acids through our diet
			§ Histidine
			§ Phenylalanine
			§ Isoleucine
			§ Lysine
			§ Methionine
			§ Leucine
			§ Threonine
			§ Tryptophan
			§ Valine
	- RNA - Ribonucleic acid
		○ Contains the sugar ribosome rather than deoxyribose
		○ Found in the nucleus as well as in the cytosol and ribosomes
		○ Three forms: mRNA, tRNA and rRNA
		○ Single stranded
		○ Contains Uracil instead of Thymine
		○ RNA is SINGLE stranded
	- Protein Synthesis
		○ RNA is a link between DNA and proteins
			§ Transcription
			§ Translations
				□ Instructions for code are sent from nucleus, are made in the ribosomes and then the proteins are made then sent to the Golgi to be packaged and processed
				□ Transcription makes three types of RNA
				□ Transcription copies DNA to make a strand of RNA
			§ -DNA --- RNA
	- Transcription Overview
		○ Transcription is the first step in gene expression. It involves copying a gene's DNA sequence to make RNA molecule
		○ Transcription is performed by enzymes called RNA Polymerases,  which link nucleotides to form an RNA strand (using a DNA strand as a template)
		○ Transcription has three stages
			§ Initiation (START)
			§ Elongation (EXTEND)
			§ And termination (STOP)
			§ Think of these as traffic lights - Initiation is green and Termination is red
	- Transcription
		○ Takes place in the nucleus
			§ 1 - DNA unzips (double stranded DNA separate) - one strand is used as a template (Helicase Enzyme)
			§ 2 - Complementary bases attach to the strand being copied - C joins to G and so on
			§ 3 - Thymine (Base T) is not present and a different base, U, joins with A in the way that T would've done
			§ 4 - This forms a strand of messenger RNA (mRNA)
			§ 5 - Messenger RNA is small enough to move out of nucleus and so it travels to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
		○ Main enzymes involved in transcription in RNA polymerase
		○ Uses a single-stranded DNA template to make RNA
		○ RNA polymerase builds an RNA strand in the 5' to 3' direction (Adding to the 3' end)
		○ RNA polymerase "walks" along one strand of DNA
		○ RNA adds a matching nucleotide to the 3' end of the RNA strand
		○ Three types of RNA
			§ Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the message that will be translated to form a protein
			§ Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) forms part of ribosomes where proteins are made
			§ Transfer RNA (tRNA) translates amino acids from the cytoplasm
	- Coding
		○ AGTACGTCA
		○ UCAUGCAGU