2014-08-01 Structure: passive voice / mysteries

Homework: 234-236 (reading and questions)
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A
1 b (not the same as a pseudonym)
2 c
3 a
4 d
5 a
6 b
7 c
8 d
9 a
dig/dug/dug up: find something after you dig a hole
"Police claim that he was working alone."
B
1 F - Portland
2 T
3 F - all in $20 bills
4 F - "none of the other passengers even aware"
5 F - discovered by an 8-year-old boy
6 ? - many investigators believe this, but no one is sure
7 T
8 F - some people
folk hero
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Passive Voice:
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- opposite of active voice
passive = subject + [be] + past participle (+ by + agent)

subject +   verb  + object
Police never found the money.
(agent)            (patient)

subject  +      verb    +    object
The money was never found by police.
(patient)                   (agent)
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transitive verbs: verbs that can have an object
intransitive verbs: verbs with no object

Only transitive verbs can be used in passive voice.

The cold might have killed Cooper.
Cooper might have been killed by the cold.

Cooper died in the cold.
(not possible in passive)
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She got her hair cut.
He had his house cleaned by a maid service.
She got her dress lengthened at a tailor's shop.
He had his car stolen.
I'll get these pictures framed tomorrow.
They are having their dog groomed right now.
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The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci.
Soccer has been played for hundreds of years.
My car was stolen yesterday.
It is said that he escaped with the money.
Mistakes were made. (avoiding responsibility)
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In informal conversation, we can use "get" in place of "be" for passive ACTIONS on objects that already existed.
OK - My car got stolen.
OK - The house got painted.
NO - The criminal got wanted by police.
NO - The Mona Lisa got painted by Leonardo da Vinci.
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p. 240 exercise 1
2 was handed - c
3 was being hijacked - a
4 had all been photocopied - c
5 has been discovered - a
6 were found - a
7 had to have been killed - a
8 has not been divulged - b
p. 242 exercise 4
2 haven't been cracked (up to now)
3 was sighted
4 was found
5 was determined
6 had been abandoned (abandoned happened before this)
7 had been set (action of setting) / were set (adjective set)
8 might have been threatened
9 was caused / had been caused
10 hasn't been proven (if they're still thinking about it)
   was not proven (if they aren't still thinking about it)
11 was considered
12 was accompanied
13 were received
14 have been discovered
15 Could she and Noonan have been killed
16 should not be solved
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Homework: p. 243 exercise 5