basics

// This is a comment

// Win32Project1.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>  // use cout and other things...
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <fstream>  // use file i/o

using namespace std;

int main()  // main container
{
    cout << "Hello World!" << endl;

    const double PI = 3.14159;  // constant vars cannot be changed and are typically in all caps

    char myGrade = 'A';  // char is for single characters (consumes 1 byte in memory)

    bool isHappy = true;  // 1 (true) 0 (false)

    int myAge = 22;

    float favNum = 666.666;  // accurate up to 6 decimal places

    double otherFavNum = 7777.484394843839;  // accurate up to 15 decimal places

    cout << "Favorite Number: " << favNum << endl;

    // other data types include
    // short int: At least 16 bits
    // long int: At least 32 bits
    // long long int: At least 64 bits
    // unsigned int: Same size as signed version
    // long double: No less then double

    cout << "Size of int (bytes): " << sizeof(myAge) << endl;  // size of int in bytes

    int largestInt = 2147483647;  // largest integer we could possible have

    int five = 5;
    cout << "5++ = " << five++ << endl;  // outputs 5 first because increment occurs after value fetch
    cout << "++5 = " << ++five << endl;  // output 7 because of above as well as inrement occuring prior to value fetch
    cout << "5-- = " << five-- << endl;  // output 7 value is really 6
    cout << "--5 = " << --five << endl;  // output 5

    // Order of Operations states * and / before + and -
    cout << "1 + 2 - 3 * 2 = " << 1 + 2 - 3 * 2 << endl;  // -3
    cout << "(1 + 2 - 3) * 2 = " << (1 + 2 - 3) * 2 << endl;  // 0

    // type casting
    cout << "4/5 = " << (float)4 / 5 << endl;

    // Comparison Operators: ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=
    // Logical Operators: &&, ||, !

    int age = 70;
    int ageAtLastExam = 16;
    bool isNotIntoxicated = true;

    if ((age >= 1) && (age < 16)) {
        cout << "You are not old enough to drive" << endl;
    }
    else if(!isNotIntoxicated) { cout << "You can drive if your blazed just not drunk dick" << endl; }
    else if(age >= 80 && ((age > 100) || ((age - ageAtLastExam) > 5))) {
        cout << "You can't drive old fuck" << endl;
    }
    else { cout << "You can drive!" << endl; }

    // switch cases
    int greetingOption = 2;

    switch (greetingOption) {
        case 1:
            cout << "bonjour" << endl;
            break;
        case 2:
            cout << "Hola" << endl;
            break;
        case 3:
            cout << "Hallo" << endl;
            break;
        default :
            cout << "Hello" << endl;
    }

    // Ternary operator
    // variable = (condition) ? true : false
    int largestNum = (5 > 2) ? 5 : 2;

    // Arrays
    int myFavNums[5];   // specify how many element containers you need

    int badNums[5] = { 4, 13, 14, 24, 34 };

    cout << "Bad Number 1: " << badNums[0] << endl;

    // multidimensional arrays

    char myName[3][9] = {   {'N', 'e', 'y'},
                            {'H', 'e', 'r', 'n', 'a', 'n', 'd', 'e', 'z'} };

    cout << "2nd letter in 2nd array" << myName[1][1] << endl;
    myName[0][2] = 'o';
    cout << "New Value " << myName[0][2] << endl;

    for (int i = 0; i <= 10; i++) {
        cout << i << endl;
    }

    for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
        for (int k = 0; k < 9; k++) {
            cout << myName[j][k] << endl;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}