2020-04-14 TOEFL: word roots, reading purpose

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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https://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-does-caffeine-keep-us-awake-hanan-qasim
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Word Roots (list 6) - With your partners, try to think of one or two words to explain the meaning of each root.
re (recycle, rebound, reuse, recline) = again/back
reg (regulation, regent, regime) = rule
retro (retrograde, retroactive, retrospect) = backward
rupt (disrupt, rupture) = break/burst
scend (ascend, descend, transcend) = climb
scope/skep/spec (microscope, skeptic, spectacle) = see
scrib/script (transcript, scripture, inscribe) = write/draw
sect/seg (section, bisect, sector, segment) = cut/divide
semi (semicircle, semiannual) = half (This is the Latin root. The Greek root is “hemi”.)
sol (solitude, desolate) = alone
sol (solar, solarium) = Sun
soph (philosophy, sophisticated) = wisdom
struct (construct, structure) = build
sub (subterranean, submerge, substandard) = under
super (superstructure, supersonic) = over
tele (telephone, telescope, telepathy) = far
term (determine, terminate) = end/limit
terra/terri (territory, terrain) = Earth/land
therm (thermometer, thermal) = heat
trans (transport, transaction, transverse, transoceanic, transcontinental) = across/through
ultra (ultraviolet, ultrasound) = over (the opposite prefix is “infra”)
uni (universe, unique, unilateral) = one (When it has this meaning, “un” is always pronounced with a /y/ sound at the beginning.)
vac (vacuum, vacate, evacuate) = empty
veri (verify, veracity) = true
viv/vit (vital, vivacious) = life
vol (benevolent, volunteer, volition) = will (the noun)
xeno (xenophobia, xenophile) = foreign/strange
zo (zoology, zooplankton, paleozoic) = animal
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TOEFL: 4 sections, 3.5-4 hours, 120 points, $205
1 reading: 54-72 minutes, 3-4 reading passages, 9-10 questions about each one
2 listening: 40-60 minutes, 2-3 conversations, 3-4 lectures
	(10-minute break)
3 speaking: 17 minutes, 4 tasks, 3m45s of total speaking time
4 writing: 55 minutes, 2 tasks, 20+30 minutes of writing time
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Reading Question Types:
- fact
- negative fact
- inference
- reference
- vocabulary
- paraphrase
- purpose/method
- sentence insertion
- summarize
- organize/categorize
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Purpose and Method questions ask why or how the author of a passage does something.
- Purpose: Why does the author mention redwood forests? (to give an example of a temperate community)
- Method: How does the author explain the point about temperate zones? (by giving the example of redwood forests)
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Cengage exercise 4.1
passage 1
1 T
2 F
3 F (We have no reason to think it’s true.)
4 F - Optical physics is the purely scientific study. Optical engineering is contrasted with that.
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BREAK
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passage 2 - Check with your partner and try to convince them of your answer if you disagree.
5 T
6 T
7 F
8 T
9 F
10 T
11 F
passage 3
12 F
13 T
14 F
15 T
- Purpose question can ask about a specific phrase or detail, about the purpose of a whole paragraph, or about the relationship between paragraphs or larger parts of the passage.
passage 4
16 F
17 F
18 F (All three of these are incorrect answers because the given reasons are false.)
19 T (The paragraph is about the contrast between the western ⅓ and the eastern ⅔ of the continent.)
20 T
passage 5
21 T
22 F
23 T (Managers tend to look inward, so management mode involves not looking outward.)
24 T (Not being in leadership mode is a failure of leadership.)
passages 6 and 7

25 F
26 T
27 T
28 T
29 F
30 F
31 T
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Homework: finish the handout (Try not to spend more than about 1 minute per question)