Rect. buttons

// Naming conventions; I use this throughout :
//   class = UpperCase and singular (contains only ONE circle) - CircleButton
//   array = lowerCase and plural (contains many circles)      - myCircleButtons
//   object / variable = lowerCase and singular                - button / myCircleSize

RectButton[] myRectButtons = new RectButton[7]; //

int state=0;
int prevState=0; // previous state - can be improved

// FOR special buttons:

// special value for onWhichStateIsThisButtonVisible
final int ALL_PAGES  = -17;    // must be negative

//special value for stateToGoTo in the class
final int PREVIOUS_PAGE = -18; // must be negative

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

void setup() {
  size(1280, 720);
  background(120);  // new

  // Define buttons
  defineButtons();

  // show properties of all buttons
  int i=0;
  println("#         Text     state    target");
  println("-----------------------------------------");
  for (RectButton button : myRectButtons) {    // cool way of a for-loop (for **each** button (of type CircleButton) in the array myCircleButtons do the following)
    print(i+"\t");
    button.printlnProperties();
    i++;
  }//for

  println("\nEnd of setup()");
}//function

void draw() {
  background(120); // the image is more crisp with background
  fill(255);

  switch (state) {
  case 0:
    text ("page 0", 90, 600);
    text ("You come to a crossing. Which way do you want to go?", 19, 19);
    break;

  case 1:
    text ("page 1", 90, 600);
    break;

  case 2:
    text ("page 2", 90, 600);
    break;

  case 3:
    text ("page 3", 90, 600);
    break;

  case 4:
    background(0);
    text ("page 4", 90, 600);
    break;

  default:
    println("Error 3459: Unknown state error "
      + state);
    state = 0;
    break;
  }//switch

  // cool way of a for-loop (for **each** button (of type CircleButton) in the array myCircleButtons do the following) - see reference
  for (RectButton button : myRectButtons) {
    if (state == button.shownInWhichState || button.shownInWhichState == ALL_PAGES) {   // only for current state OR for special buttons
      button.update();
    }
  }//for
}//function

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// defineButtons function

void defineButtons() {

  // Define buttons

  int rectH = 100; //
  int rectW = 200;
  // we define on Which State Is This Button Visible for each button separately
  int onWhichStateIsThisButtonVisible=0;
  // color - color when mouse is NOT over this botton
  color myColor = color(0, random(255), random(255));  //
  // define button and put it into the array

  // change buttons individually:
  // define individual values
  rectW = 40; //
  rectH = 100;
  onWhichStateIsThisButtonVisible=0;
  myColor = color(255, 120, 0);  // color
  // make new button and pass the values to it
  myRectButtons[0] = new RectButton(
    410, // x-value position
    310, // y-value position
    rectW, rectH, // size
    myColor, // color
    "Left", // its text
    onWhichStateIsThisButtonVisible,
    1     // the state it leads to when clicked !!!!!
    );

  // change buttons individually:
  // define individual values
  rectW = 40;
  rectH = 100; //
  onWhichStateIsThisButtonVisible=0;
  myColor = color(0, 255, 0);  // GREEN
  // make new button and pass the values to it
  myRectButtons[1] = new RectButton(
    210, // x-value position
    310, // y-value position
    rectW, rectH, // size
    myColor, // color
    "Right", // its text
    onWhichStateIsThisButtonVisible,
    2     // the state it leads to when clicked !!!!!
    );

  // change buttons individually:
  // define individual values
  onWhichStateIsThisButtonVisible=1;
  myColor = color(0, 0, 255);  // BLUE
  // make new button and pass the values to it
  myRectButtons[2] = new RectButton(
    310, // x-value position
    110, // y-value position
    rectW, rectH,// size
    myColor, // color
    "North", // its text
    onWhichStateIsThisButtonVisible,
    3     // the state it leads to when clicked !!!!!
    );

  // change buttons individually:
  // define individual values
  onWhichStateIsThisButtonVisible=3;
  myColor = color(0, 0, 255);  // BLUE
  // make new button and pass the values to it
  myRectButtons[3] = new RectButton(
    310, // x-value position
    110, // y-value position
    rectW, rectH,// size
    myColor, // color
    "crouch", // its text
    onWhichStateIsThisButtonVisible,
    3     // the state it leads to when clicked !!!!!
    );

      // change buttons individually:
  // define individual values
  onWhichStateIsThisButtonVisible=3;
  myColor = color(0, 0, 255);  // BLUE
  // make new button and pass the values to it
  myRectButtons[4] = new RectButton(
    610, // x-value position
    110, // y-value position
    rectW, rectH,// size
    myColor, // color
    "crouch agaom", // its text
    onWhichStateIsThisButtonVisible,
    2     // the state it leads to when clicked !!!!!
    );

  // ===============================================================
  // on ALL pages

  // change buttons individually:
  // define individual values
  onWhichStateIsThisButtonVisible=ALL_PAGES;
  myColor = color(0, 0, 255);  // BLUE
  // make new button and pass the values to it
  myRectButtons[5] = new RectButton(
    width-115, // x-value position
    height-75, // y-value position
    rectW, rectH, // size
    myColor, // color
    "Restart", // its text
    onWhichStateIsThisButtonVisible,
    0     // the state it leads to when clicked !!!!!
    );

  // change buttons individually:
  // define individual values
  onWhichStateIsThisButtonVisible=ALL_PAGES;
  myColor = color(0, 0, 255);  // BLUE
  // make new button and pass the values to it
  myRectButtons[6] = new RectButton(
    width-115-103, // x-value position
    height-75, // y-value position
    rectW, rectH, // size
    myColor, // color
    "Back", // its text
    onWhichStateIsThisButtonVisible,
    PREVIOUS_PAGE     // the state it leads to when clicked !!!!!
    );
}//func

// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Input functions

void mousePressed() {
  for (RectButton button : myRectButtons) {    // cool way of a for-loop (for **each** button (of type CircleButton) in the array myCircleButtons do the following)
    if (state == button.shownInWhichState || button.shownInWhichState == ALL_PAGES) {    // only for current state OR for special buttons
      if (button.overCircle()) {     // when mouse on this button
        // When its a Back button:
        if (button.stateToGoTo==PREVIOUS_PAGE) {
          state=prevState; // restore
          return;      // leave
        } else
        {
          // normal button : go to new page
          prevState=state; // save old state
          state=button.stateToGoTo;   // execute
          return;      // leave
        }
      }//if
    }//if
  }//for
}

// ========================================================================
// line to show: here starts a class

class RectButton {

  int rectX, rectY;  // Position of circle button
  int rectH, rectW;     // Diameter of circle

  String text;

  color circleColor = color(255, 0, 0);  // RED when over!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
  color baseColor;  // when not over - gets defined in the constructor

  boolean circleOver = false; // not really in use, never mind

  // functionality
  int shownInWhichState;
  int stateToGoTo;

  // constructor
  RectButton(int posX_, int posY_, // linebreaks for better readability. Marking parameters with a _ sign.
    int rectH_,
    int rectW_,

    color baseColor_,
    String text_,
    int shownInWhichState_,
    int stateToGoTo_) {
    // constructor
    rectX = posX_;
    rectY = posY_;
    rectH = rectH_;
    rectW = rectW_;
    baseColor = baseColor_;
    shownInWhichState=shownInWhichState_;
    stateToGoTo=stateToGoTo_;
    text=text_;

    ellipseMode(CENTER);
  }// constructor

  void update() {
    // make use of circleColor and  baseColor
    if (overCircle()) {
      fill( circleColor ); // over
      stroke(255);
    } else {
      fill( baseColor ); // not over
      noStroke();
    }
    rect(rectX, rectY, rectW, rectH);
    fill(255);
    textAlign(CENTER);
    textSize(22);
    text(text,
      rectX+45, rectY+25);
    //reset
    textAlign(LEFT);
  }//method

  boolean overCircle() {
    if (dist(mouseX, mouseY, rectX+40, rectY+5) < rectW/2 ) { // using in-build function dist() here!
      circleOver = true;
      return true;
    } else {
      circleOver = false;
      return false;
    }
  }//method

  void printlnProperties() {
    //
    println (text
      +"\t"
      + shownInWhichState
      +"\t"
      + stateToGoTo);
  }//method
  //
}//class // marking the end of the class
//