Rabbits 3

// rabbits.cpp

// Portions you are to complete are marked with a TODO: comment.
// We've provided some incorrect return statements (so indicated) just
// to allow this skeleton program to compile and run, albeit incorrectly.
// The first thing you probably want to do is implement the utterly trivial
// functions (marked TRIVIAL).  Then get Arena::display going.  That gives
// you more flexibility in the order you tackle the rest of the functionality.
// As you finish implementing each TODO: item, remove its TODO: comment.

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <random>
#include <utility>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cctype>
using namespace std;

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Manifest constants
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

const int MAXROWS = 20;               // max number of rows in the arena
const int MAXCOLS = 25;               // max number of columns in the arena
const int MAXRABBITS = 100;           // max number of rabbits allowed

const int NORTH = 0;
const int EAST = 1;
const int SOUTH = 2;
const int WEST = 3;
const int NUMDIRS = 4;

const int EMPTY = 0;
const int HAS_POISON = 1;

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Type definitions
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

class Arena;  // This is needed to let the compiler know that Arena is a
// type name, since it's mentioned in the Rabbit declaration.

class Rabbit
{
public:
    // Constructor
    Rabbit(Arena* ap, int r, int c);

    // Accessors
    int  row() const;
    int  col() const;
    bool isDead() const;

    // Mutators
    void move();

private:
    Arena* m_arena;
    int    m_row;
    int    m_col;
    int m_poison_count;
    bool m_slow_counter;
    // TODO: You'll probably find that a rabbit object needs additional
    // data members to support your implementation of the behavior affected
    // by poisoned carrots.
};

class Player
{
public:
    // Constructor
    Player(Arena* ap, int r, int c);

    // Accessors
    int  row() const;
    int  col() const;
    bool isDead() const;

    // Mutators
    string dropPoisonedCarrot();
    string move(int dir);
    void   setDead();

private:
    Arena* m_arena;
    int    m_row;
    int    m_col;
    bool   m_dead;
};

class Arena
{
public:
    // Constructor/destructor
    Arena(int nRows, int nCols);
    ~Arena();

    // Accessors
    int     rows() const;
    int     cols() const;
    Player* player() const;
    int     rabbitCount() const;
    int     getCellStatus(int r, int c) const;
    int     numberOfRabbitsAt(int r, int c) const;
    void    display(string msg) const;

    // Mutators
    void setCellStatus(int r, int c, int status);
    bool addRabbit(int r, int c);
    bool addPlayer(int r, int c);
    void moveRabbits();

private:
    int     m_grid[MAXROWS][MAXCOLS];
    int     m_rows;
    int     m_cols;
    Player* m_player;
    Rabbit* m_rabbits[MAXRABBITS];
    int     m_nRabbits;
    int     m_turns;

    // Helper functions
    void checkPos(int r, int c, string functionName) const;
    bool isPosInBounds(int r, int c) const;
};

class Game
{
public:
    // Constructor/destructor
    Game(int rows, int cols, int nRabbits);
    ~Game();

    // Mutators
    void play();

private:
    Arena* m_arena;

    // Helper functions
    string takePlayerTurn();
};

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//  Auxiliary function declarations
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

int randInt(int lowest, int highest);
bool decodeDirection(char ch, int& dir);
bool attemptMove(const Arena& a, int dir, int& r, int& c);
bool recommendMove(const Arena& a, int r, int c, int& bestDir);
int assessRisk(const Arena& a, int row, int c);
void clearScreen();

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//  Rabbit implementation
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Rabbit::Rabbit(Arena* ap, int r, int c)
{
    if (ap == nullptr)
    {
        cout << "***** A rabbit must be created in some Arena!" << endl;
        exit(1);
    }
    if (r < 1 || r > ap->rows() || c < 1 || c > ap->cols())
    {
        cout << "***** Rabbit created with invalid coordinates (" << r << ","
            << c << ")!" << endl;
        exit(1);
    }
    m_arena = ap;
    m_row = r;
    m_col = c;
    m_poison_count = 0;
    m_slow_counter = 0;
}

int Rabbit::row() const
{
    return m_row;
}

int Rabbit::col() const
{
    return m_col;
}

bool Rabbit::isDead() const
{
    // TODO: Return whether the Rabbit is dead

    if (m_poison_count == 2) {
        return true;
    }

    else {
        return false;
    }
}

void Rabbit::move()
{
    // TODO:
    //   Return without moving if the rabbit has eaten one poisoned
    //   carrot (so is supposed to move only every other turn) and
    //   this is a turn it does not move.

    //   Otherwise, attempt to move in a random direction; if can't
    //   move, don't move.  If it lands on a poisoned carrot, eat the
    //   carrot and remove it from the game (so it is no longer on that
    //   grid point).

    if (m_poison_count == 1)
        m_slow_counter = !m_slow_counter;

    if (m_slow_counter)
        return;

    int random_direction = randInt(0, 3);

    attemptMove(*m_arena, random_direction, m_row, m_col);

    if (m_arena->getCellStatus(m_row, m_col) == HAS_POISON) {
        m_arena->setCellStatus(m_row, m_col, EMPTY);
        m_poison_count++;
    }
}

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//  Player implementation
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Player::Player(Arena* ap, int r, int c)
{
    if (ap == nullptr)
    {
        cout << "***** The player must be created in some Arena!" << endl;
        exit(1);
    }
    if (r < 1 || r > ap->rows() || c < 1 || c > ap->cols())
    {
        cout << "**** Player created with invalid coordinates (" << r
            << "," << c << ")!" << endl;
        exit(1);
    }
    m_arena = ap;
    m_row = r;
    m_col = c;
    m_dead = false;
}

int Player::row() const
{
    return m_row;
}

int Player::col() const
{
    return m_col;
}

string Player::dropPoisonedCarrot()
{
    if (m_arena->getCellStatus(m_row, m_col) == HAS_POISON)
        return "There's already a poisoned carrot at this spot.";
    m_arena->setCellStatus(m_row, m_col, HAS_POISON);
    return "A poisoned carrot has been dropped.";
}

string Player::move(int dir)
{
    // TODO:  Attempt to move the player one step in the indicated
    //        direction.  If this fails,
    //        return "Player couldn't move; player stands."
    //        A player who moves onto a rabbit, and this
    //        returns "Player walked into a rabbit and died."
    //        Otherwise, return one of "Player moved north.",
    //        "Player moved east.", "Player moved south.", or
    //        "Player moved west."

    if (attemptMove(*m_arena, dir, m_row, m_col))
    {
        if (m_arena->numberOfRabbitsAt(m_row, m_col) > 0)
        {
            setDead();
            return "Player walked into a rabbit and died";
        }

        if (dir == NORTH)
            return "Player moved north. ";
        else if (dir == EAST)
            return "Player moved east. ";
        else if (dir == WEST)
            return "Player moved west. ";
        else if (dir == SOUTH)
            return "Player moved south. ";
    }

    return "Player couldn't move; player stands.";

}

bool Player::isDead() const
{
    // TODO: Return whether the Player is dead
    // Delete the following line and replace it with the correct code.
    return m_dead;  // This implementation compiles, but is incorrect.
}

void Player::setDead()
{
    m_dead = true;
}

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//  Arena implementation
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Arena::Arena(int nRows, int nCols)
{
    if (nRows <= 0 || nCols <= 0 || nRows > MAXROWS || nCols > MAXCOLS)
    {
        cout << "***** Arena created with invalid size " << nRows << " by "
            << nCols << "!" << endl;
        exit(1);
    }
    m_rows = nRows;
    m_cols = nCols;
    m_player = nullptr;
    m_nRabbits = 0;
    m_turns = 0;
    for (int r = 1; r <= m_rows; r++)
        for (int c = 1; c <= m_cols; c++)
            setCellStatus(r, c, EMPTY);
}

Arena::~Arena()
{
    // TODO:  Deallocate the player and all remaining dynamically allocated
    //        rabbits.

    delete m_player;

    for (int i = 0; i < m_nRabbits; i++)
    {
        delete m_rabbits[i];
    }
    // Delete each entry in the array of pointers to Rabbits
}

int Arena::rows() const
{
    // TODO: TRIVIAL:  Return the number of rows in the arena
    // Delete the following line and replace it with the correct code.
    return m_rows;
}

int Arena::cols() const
{
    // TODO: TRIVIAL:  Return the number of columns in the arena
    // Delete the following line and replace it with the correct code.
    return m_cols;
}

Player* Arena::player() const
{
    return m_player;
}

int Arena::rabbitCount() const
{
    // TODO: TRIVIAL:  Return the number of rabbits in the arena
    // Delete the following line and replace it with the correct code.
    return m_nRabbits;

}

int Arena::getCellStatus(int r, int c) const
{
    checkPos(r, c, "Arena::getCellStatus");
    return m_grid[r - 1][c - 1];
}

int Arena::numberOfRabbitsAt(int r, int c) const
{
    // TODO:  Return the number of rabbits at row r, column c
    // Delete the following line and replace it with the correct code.

    int count = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < m_nRabbits; i++)
    {
        if ((m_rabbits[i]->row() == r && m_rabbits[i]->col() == c))
            count++;
    }

    return count;
}

void Arena::display(string msg) const
{
    char displayGrid[MAXROWS][MAXCOLS];
    int r, c;

    // Fill displayGrid with dots (empty) and stars (poisoned carrots)
    for (r = 1; r <= rows(); r++)
        for (c = 1; c <= cols(); c++)
            displayGrid[r - 1][c - 1] = (getCellStatus(r, c) == EMPTY ? '.' : '*');
    // c = (a>b) ? a : b mean that if the expression being evaluated is true then a is returned whereas if it is false then b is returned

    // Indicate each rabbit's position
    // TODO:  If one rabbit is at some grid point, set the displayGrid char
    //        to 'R'.  If it's 2 though 8, set it to '2' through '8'.
    //        For 9 or more, set it to '9'.

    for (r = 1; r <= rows(); r++)
    {
        for (c = 1; c <= cols(); c++)
        {
            int rabbit_count = numberOfRabbitsAt(r, c);

            if (rabbit_count == 1)
                displayGrid[r - 1][c - 1] = 'R';

            else if (rabbit_count >= 2 && rabbit_count < 9)
                displayGrid[r - 1][c - 1] = '0' + rabbit_count;
                // Trying to only print out rabbit_count will give out an ASCII character of the number

            else if (rabbit_count >= 9)
                displayGrid[r - 1][c - 1] = '9';
        }
    }


    // Indicate the player's position
    if (m_player != nullptr)
        displayGrid[m_player->row() - 1][m_player->col() - 1] = (m_player->isDead() ? 'X' : '@');

    // Draw the grid
    clearScreen();
    for (r = 1; r <= rows(); r++)
    {
        for (c = 1; c <= cols(); c++)
            cout << displayGrid[r - 1][c - 1];
        cout << endl;
    }
    cout << endl;

    // Write message, rabbit, and player info
    if (msg != "")
        cout << msg << endl;
    cout << "There are " << rabbitCount() << " rabbits remaining." << endl;
    if (m_player == nullptr)
        cout << "There is no player!" << endl;
    else if (m_player->isDead())
        cout << "The player is dead." << endl;
    cout << m_turns << " turns have been taken." << endl;
}

void Arena::setCellStatus(int r, int c, int status)
{
    checkPos(r, c, "Arena::setCellStatus");
    m_grid[r - 1][c - 1] = status;
}

bool Arena::addRabbit(int r, int c)
{
    if (!isPosInBounds(r, c))
        return false;

    // Don't add a rabbit on a spot with a poisoned carrot
    if (getCellStatus(r, c) != EMPTY)
        return false;

    // Don't add a rabbit on a spot with a player
    if (m_player != nullptr && m_player->row() == r && m_player->col() == c)
        return false;

    // If there are MAXRABBITS existing rabbits, return false.  Otherwise,
    // dynamically allocate a new rabbit at coordinates (r,c).  Save the
    // pointer to newly allocated rabbit and return true.

    // TODO:  Implement this.

    if (rabbitCount() == MAXRABBITS)
        return false;

    else
    {
        m_rabbits[m_nRabbits++] = new Rabbit(this, r, c);
        return true;
    }
}

bool Arena::addPlayer(int r, int c)
{
    if (!isPosInBounds(r, c))
        return false;

    // Don't add a player if one already exists
    if (m_player != nullptr)
        return false;

    // Don't add a player on a spot with a rabbit
    if (numberOfRabbitsAt(r, c) > 0)
        return false;

    m_player = new Player(this, r, c);
    return true;
}

void Arena::moveRabbits()
{
    // Move all rabbits
    // TODO:  Move each rabbit.  Mark the player as dead if necessary.
    //        Deallocate any dead dynamically allocated rabbit.

    // Another turn has been taken

    for (int i = 0; i < m_nRabbits; i++)
    {
        Rabbit* pointer_rabbit = m_rabbits[i];
        // m_rabbits[(variable)] is an array of pointers to rabbits
        // Create a pointer that will be able to manipulate a given rabbit

        pointer_rabbit->move();
        // Now that the rabbit has moved, let's either see if it is dead or if it kills the player

        if (pointer_rabbit->isDead())
        {
            delete pointer_rabbit;
            m_rabbits[i] = m_rabbits[m_nRabbits - 1];
            m_nRabbits--;
            i--;
            continue;
        }

        if (m_player->row() == pointer_rabbit->row() && m_player->col() == pointer_rabbit->col())
        {
            m_player->setDead();
        }
    }

    m_turns++;
}

bool Arena::isPosInBounds(int r, int c) const
{
    return (r >= 1 && r <= m_rows && c >= 1 && c <= m_cols);
}

void Arena::checkPos(int r, int c, string functionName) const
{
    if (!isPosInBounds(r, c))
    {
        cout << "***** " << "Invalid arena position (" << r << ","
            << c << ") in call to " << functionName << endl;
        exit(1);
    }
}

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//  Game implementation
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Game::Game(int rows, int cols, int nRabbits)
{
    if (nRabbits < 0)
    {
        cout << "***** Cannot create Game with negative number of rabbits!" << endl;
        exit(1);
    }
    if (nRabbits > MAXRABBITS)
    {
        cout << "***** Trying to create Game with " << nRabbits
            << " rabbits; only " << MAXRABBITS << " are allowed!" << endl;
        exit(1);
    }
    int nEmpty = rows * cols - nRabbits - 1;  // 1 for Player
    if (nEmpty < 0)
    {
        cout << "***** Game created with a " << rows << " by "
            << cols << " arena, which is too small too hold a player and "
            << nRabbits << " rabbits!" << endl;
        exit(1);
    }

    // Create arena
    m_arena = new Arena(rows, cols);

    // Add player
    int rPlayer;
    int cPlayer;
    do
    {
        rPlayer = randInt(1, rows);
        cPlayer = randInt(1, cols);
    } while (m_arena->getCellStatus(rPlayer, cPlayer) != EMPTY);
    m_arena->addPlayer(rPlayer, cPlayer);

    // Populate with rabbits
    while (nRabbits > 0)
    {
        int r = randInt(1, rows);
        int c = randInt(1, cols);
        if (r == rPlayer && c == cPlayer)
            continue;
        m_arena->addRabbit(r, c);
        nRabbits--;
    }
}

Game::~Game()
{
    delete m_arena;
}

string Game::takePlayerTurn()
{
    for (;;)
    {
        cout << "Your move (n/e/s/w/c or nothing): ";
        string playerMove;
        getline(cin, playerMove);

        Player* player = m_arena->player();
        int dir;

        if (playerMove.size() == 0)
        {
            if (recommendMove(*m_arena, player->row(), player->col(), dir))
                return player->move(dir);
            else
                return player->dropPoisonedCarrot();
        }
        else if (playerMove.size() == 1)
        {
            if (tolower(playerMove[0]) == 'c')
                return player->dropPoisonedCarrot();
            else if (decodeDirection(playerMove[0], dir))
                return player->move(dir);
        }
        cout << "Player move must be nothing, or 1 character n/e/s/w/c." << endl;
    }
}

void Game::play()
{
    m_arena->display("");
    Player* player = m_arena->player();
    if (player == nullptr)
        return;
    while (!player->isDead() && m_arena->rabbitCount() > 0)
    {
        string msg = takePlayerTurn();
        m_arena->display(msg);
        if (player->isDead())
            break;
        m_arena->moveRabbits();
        m_arena->display(msg);
    }
    if (player->isDead())
        cout << "You lose." << endl;
    else
        cout << "You win." << endl;
}

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//  Auxiliary function implementation
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

  // Return a uniformly distributed random int from lowest to highest, inclusive
int randInt(int lowest, int highest)
{
    if (highest < lowest)
        swap(highest, lowest);
    static random_device rd;
    static default_random_engine generator(rd());
    uniform_int_distribution<> distro(lowest, highest);
    return distro(generator);
}

bool decodeDirection(char ch, int& dir)
{
    switch (tolower(ch))
    {
    default:  return false;
    case 'n': dir = NORTH; break;
    case 'e': dir = EAST;  break;
    case 's': dir = SOUTH; break;
    case 'w': dir = WEST;  break;
    }
    return true;
}

// Return false without changing anything if moving one step from (r,c)
// in the indicated direction would run off the edge of the arena.
// Otherwise, update r and c to the position resulting from the move and
// return true.
bool attemptMove(const Arena& a, int dir, int& r, int& c)
{
    // TODO:  Implement this function
    // Delete the following line and replace it with the correct code.

    // To move up, you need to subtract rows. The first row is at the top. The last row is at the bottom.
    // To move right, you need to add cols. The first col is at the left. The last row is at the right.

    // Check if it's trying to move within bounds, if it is then return false. If not then move accordingly.

    if (dir == NORTH) {
        if (r <= 1) return false;
        else r--;
    }

    else if (dir == EAST) {
        if (c >= a.cols()) return false;
        else c++;
    }

    else if (dir == WEST) {
        if (c <= 1) return false;
        else c--;
    }

    else if (dir == SOUTH) {
        if (r >= a.rows()) return false;
        else r++;
    }

    return true;
}

// Recommend a move for a player at (r,c):  A false return means the
// recommendation is that the player should drop a poisoned carrot and
// not move; otherwise, this function sets bestDir to the recommended
// direction to move and returns true.
bool recommendMove(const Arena& a, int r, int c, int& bestDir)
{
    // TODO:  Implement this function
    // Delete the following line and replace it with your code.

    int idle_risk = assessRisk(a, r, c);

    if (idle_risk == 0)
        return false;

    int least_risk = idle_risk;

    int north_risk = assessRisk(a, r - 1, c);
    int south_risk = assessRisk(a, r + 1, c);
    int west_risk = assessRisk(a, r, c - 1);
    int east_risk = assessRisk(a, r, c + 1);

    if (north_risk < least_risk && r != 1) {
        least_risk = north_risk;
        bestDir = NORTH;
    }
    if (south_risk < least_risk && r != a.rows()) {
        least_risk = south_risk;
        bestDir = SOUTH;
    }
    if (west_risk < least_risk && c!=1) {
        least_risk = west_risk;
        bestDir = WEST;
    }
    if (east_risk < least_risk && c!=a.cols()) {
        least_risk = east_risk;
        bestDir = EAST;
    }

    // Now let's check if least risk is different from idle risk
    // If it is different, then we would recommend moving
    if (idle_risk != least_risk)
    {
        return true;
    }

    // If it isn't different, simply return false.
    return false;

    // Your replacement implementation should do something intelligent.
    // You don't have to be any smarter than the following, although
    // you can if you want to be:  If staying put runs the risk of a
    // rabbit possibly moving onto the player's location when the rabbits
    // move, yet moving in a particular direction puts the player in a
    // position that is safe when the rabbits move, then the chosen
    // action is to move to a safer location.  Similarly, if staying put
    // is safe, but moving in certain directions puts the player in
    // danger of dying when the rabbits move, then the chosen action should
    // not be to move in one of the dangerous directions; instead, the player
    // should stay put or move to another safe position.  In general, a
    // position that may be moved to by many rabbits is more dangerous than
    // one that may be moved to by few.
    //
    // Unless you want to, you do not have to take into account that a
    // rabbit might be poisoned and thus sometimes less dangerous than one
    // that is not.  That requires a more sophisticated analysis that
    // we're not asking you to do.
}

int assessRisk(const Arena& a, int row, int col)
{

    int risk = 0;

    if (a.numberOfRabbitsAt(row, col) > 0)
    {
        risk += MAXRABBITS;
        return risk;
        // Do not move here lmao
    }

    else
    {
        risk += a.numberOfRabbitsAt(row - 1, col); // Rabbits above indicated location
        risk += a.numberOfRabbitsAt(row + 1, col); // Rabbits below indicated location
        risk += a.numberOfRabbitsAt(row, col - 1); // Rabbits left of indicated location
        risk += a.numberOfRabbitsAt(row, col + 1); //Rabbits right of indicated location

        return risk;
    }
}

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// main()
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

int main()
{
    // Create a game
    // Use this instead to create a mini-game:   Game g(3, 5, 2);
    Game g(10, 12, 40);

    // Play the game
    g.play();
}

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//  clearScreen implementation
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// DO NOT MODIFY OR REMOVE ANYTHING BETWEEN HERE AND THE END OF THE FILE!!!
// THE CODE IS SUITABLE FOR VISUAL C++, XCODE, AND g++/g31 UNDER LINUX.

// Note to Xcode users:  clearScreen() will just write a newline instead
// of clearing the window if you launch your program from within Xcode.
// That's acceptable.  (The Xcode output window doesn't have the capability
// of being cleared.)

#ifdef _WIN32

#include <windows.h>

void clearScreen()
{
    HANDLE hConsole = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
    CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO csbi;
    GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(hConsole, &csbi);
    DWORD dwConSize = csbi.dwSize.X * csbi.dwSize.Y;
    COORD upperLeft = { 0, 0 };
    DWORD dwCharsWritten;
    FillConsoleOutputCharacter(hConsole, TCHAR(' '), dwConSize, upperLeft,
        &dwCharsWritten);
    SetConsoleCursorPosition(hConsole, upperLeft);
}

#else  // not _WIN32

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

void clearScreen()  // will just write a newline in an Xcode output window
{
    static const char* term = getenv("TERM");
    if (term == nullptr || strcmp(term, "dumb") == 0)
        cout << endl;
    else
    {
        static const char* ESC_SEQ = "\x1B[";  // ANSI Terminal esc seq:  ESC [
        cout << ESC_SEQ << "2J" << ESC_SEQ << "H" << flush;
    }
}

#endif