#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int main(){
    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(NULL);

    long long int t;
    cin>>t;

    while(t--){
        long long int y,x;
        cin>>y>>x;

        int r=y;
        int c=x;
        if(c>r){
            if(c%2!=0){
                cout<< fixed <<pow(c,2)-(r-1)<<endl;
            }
            else{
                cout<< fixed <<pow(c-1,2)+1+(r-1)<<endl;
            }
        }


        if(r>c){
            if(r%2==0){
                cout<< fixed <<pow(r,2)-(c-1)<<endl;
            }
            else{
                cout<< fixed <<pow(r-1,2)+1+(c-1)<<endl;
            }
        }
        if(r==c){
            if(r%2!=0){
                cout<< fixed <<pow((r-1),2)+(c-1)<<endl;
            }
            else{
                cout<< fixed <<pow(r,2)-(c-1)<<endl;
            }
        }
    }
return 0;
}