2016-07-09 Saturday: 10 No limits

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
“2016-07-09 Saturday: 10 No limits”
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Homework: Write an ebay ad for the item you tried to sell in class today or another item you have now. (follow the instructions on p. 113 part 4 to write your ad; make sure it has all the necessary information)
	Also, do p. 122 parts 2, 5, 6 about the readings on p. 123

I would like to have gone. = I now wish that I had gone.
I would have liked to go. = I wanted to go before but I couldn’t.

Questions about 7-8 test:
I can afford to move to a more expensive apartment.
I can afford to move to an older, more historic apartment.
The people here are the friendliest in all of Asia. / the most friendly in all of Asia.
	(“in all of Asia” -> superlative, because we’re comparing more than two places)
The people here are friendlier than in all the rest of Asia. / more friendly than
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p. 122 part 2
1 Diane Van Deren
2 Yukon Arctic Ultra
3 February, 2009
4 400 miles (640 km)
5 at least 11 days (“on the eleventh day”)
6 frozen fruit and nut bars
1 John Dau
2 southern Sudan (probably what is now South Sudan)
3 1987 (is when it started)
4 almost 1000 miles (by the time he reached Kenya)
5 weeks (the walk to Ethiopia) / 4 years (from his village to Kenya) / 14 years (from his village to New York)
6 grass and mud
part 5
Diane
1 after brain surgery, she realized that she could run without stopping for hours
2 choice
3 She was the first woman to complete the race.
4 motivation / inspiration for other people
John
1 His village was attacked and his country was at war.
2 necessity
3 He survived and was able to come to NYC and start a new life.
4 He helped take care of hundreds of younger children.
part 6
1 Diane
2 Diane
3 John
4 both
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barefoot = without shoes or socks
flee = escape or run away from (“fled” is the past form)

Pronunciation: ch vs. sh
chew / shoe
chip / ship
cheap / sheep
cherry / Sherry
Cho / show
chair / share
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p. 117 - What are these people doing? Where?
Marathon des Sables = 6-day ultramarathon of about 250 km total. (average 1 marathon/day for a week)
marathon = 42.195 km

Why do people do such extreme activities?

extreme sport = a sport where you take a big risk, it’s dangerous, not for everyone, it makes you feel excited and nervous (adrenaline), you need a lot of experience or practice to do it

With your partner, take 5 minutes to find the craziest extreme sport that you can.
	(Make sure it’s a real sport that people do.)

Felix Baumgartner is a man who jumped from space to Earth. He was the first person to break the sound barrier without a vehicle.
BASE jumping is from some kind of structure (or “base”) instead of from a plane.
	(BASE = Building Antenna Span Earth)
Limbo skating is roller skating under cars.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TWfph3iNC-k - Jeb Corliss BASE jumping
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2fAvbqQWRWo - Longer video of Corliss in China, with some interviews of him and his friends
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p. 118 - bionics = bio + electronics
part 2 - Match the beginning and end of each sentence from the listening.
1 The Bionic Woman was a TV series in which the character was part machine and part human.
2 The documentary is about a woman whose arm was amputated.
3 Doctors have developed a process which grows new organs.
4 Amanda Kitts is learning to do things that we take for granted.
5 Bionics can help people who have lost limbs.
6 There’ll be a time when blind people will use bionic devices to see.
take for granted = accept as normal and don’t think about
limbs = arms and legs
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Grammar: Defining Relative Clauses = Clauses (with subject and verb) that give more information about a noun in the sentence

It’s a sport in which you take a big risk. -> It’s a sport where you take a big risk. (informal)
	(“in which”, “on which”, “at which” can become “where” informally, even if it’s not a place)

who = a person
whose = a possession

who / whom / whose
he / him / his

1 That’s the man. He wrote a book. -> That’s the man who wrote a book.
2 That’s the man. You met him yesterday. -> That’s the man who/whom you met yesterday.
3 That’s the man. I loved his book. -> That’s the man whose book I loved.
4 That’s the restaurant. I ate there last night. -> That’s the restaurant where I ate last night.
5 That’s the book. I read it last week. -> That’s the book which I read last week.
6 2001 was the year. I graduated then. -> 2001 was the year when I graduated.

We can use “that” instead of “which”, “when”, “whom”, and “who” in defining relative clauses.
	(We can’t use “that” after a comma, in a non-defining clause: My father, who was a teacher, is retired.)
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p. 119 part 7 - Complete the clauses with the correct relative pronouns.
1 who/that
2 who/that
3 which/that
4 when
5 where
6 whose (it sounds strange, but we can use “whose” for possessives even when it’s not a person)
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BREAK
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p. 119 part 10 - Define these words with relative clauses
surgeon = the doctor who does surgical operations
surgery = a medical procedure which involves cutting into the body
operating room = the place where a surgeon does surgery
donor = a person who donates (gives) part of their body or blood
technician = a person who works with machines in a hospital
ward = a part of a hospital where patients sleep (and it’s usually one type of patient, such as the maternity ward for new mothers who have had or are going to have babies)
first aid = the first help that you give to someone who is sick or injured, before paramedics arrive (if it’s serious)

dug / dog
duck / dock
buddy / body

party / potty
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Would you live on Mars if you had the opportunity?

mankind = humanity = humankind

If I lived in that structure, I would feel like I was in jail.
(I don’t live in that structure, so I don’t feel like I am in jail.)

If I had a million dollars, I would help poor children.
(I don’t have a million dollars, so I don’t help poor children.)

If I had a million dollars, I could buy a house. = I would be able to buy a house, but maybe I wouldn’t.
(I don’t have a million dollars, so I can’t buy a house.)

If I had a million dollars, I might buy a house. = Maybe I would buy a house. I’m not sure.
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Grammar: second conditional = present/future unreal conditional

if + [past (without “was”)], would/could/might + base form
If I were very wealthy, I would travel around the world. (“If I was” is okay, but more informal.)
	(I, he, she, it - with “were” in formal unreal conditionals)

Note: It’s not necessary to include the if-clause
Q: What would you do with a million dollars?
A: I would spend some time traveling.
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p. 121 part 10 - Complete the sentences with the correct second conditional verbs. Then look for the answers in the text on p. 120.
1 had, would be
2 would it take
3 Would it be (“could it be possible” is redundant; it repeats the same information twice)
4 would happen, melted
5 would the temperature change, increased
6 could we learn / would we learn / might we learn

necklace = jewelry you wear on your neck
neckless = without a neck
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-ful and -less suffixes
[noun]less = without [noun]
[noun]ful = with a lot of [noun] / full of [noun]

Sometimes both words exist:
hopeful / hopeless
helpful / helpless
careful / careless
shameful / shameless
restful / restless

Sometimes the “-ful” word doesn’t make sense, because having [noun] is normal so we don’t need a word for it:
homeless
wireless
paperless

Other times the “-ful” word doesn’t exist because we have a “-y” word with the same meaning:
sunny / sunless
cloudy / cloudless
watery / waterless

Sometimes the “-less” word doesn’t exist:
beautiful (the opposite is ugly)
successful
respectful (the opposite is disrespectful)
wonderful
peaceful
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Homework: test