API tools faq
paste
gmalivuk

2014-11-25 Structure: present/past tenses

gmalivuk
Nov 25th, 2014
205
0
Never
Add comment
Not a member of Pastebin yet? Sign Up, it unlocks many cool features!
text 4.42 KB | None | 0 0
raw download clone embed print report
  1. Greg Malivuk
  2. [email protected]
  3. http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
  4. ---
  5. Normal classes today and tomorrow, no class Thursday or Fri.
  6. (because of Thanksgiving)
  7. Class on December 24 (until 12:15), and again January 5.
  8. No classes between those times because of Christmas and New Years.
  9. ---
  10. p. 4 - present time
  11. (simple present, present progressive, present perfect, present perfect progressive)
  12.  
  13. Simple present: regular actions, routines, habits, facts, things that aren't connected to any specific time
  14.  
  15. Present progressive: actions happening right now, in progress or continuing
  16.  
  17. I want another coffee right now.
  18.  
  19. She has a baby. (non-action)
  20.  
  21. She is having a baby. (action: she's giving birth)
  22.  
  23. actions take some time, they have duration, they can start and finish and be interrupted, you can only do so many actions at the same time
  24. I am reading 3 books. (okay)
  25. I am reading 300 books. (probably not okay)
  26.  
  27. non-actions don't require any time, there is no duration, you can have any number true at the same time
  28. I have 3 books. (okay)
  29. I have 300 books. (okay)
  30. ---
  31. Long Actions: live, work, study (as a general occupation)
  32. - These actions always take a long time, so there's not a big difference between simple and progressive.
  33. I live in Boston. = I am living in Boston.
  34.  
  35. Medium Actions: (most actions) read, eat, watch
  36. - These actions take a medium amount of time, there is an important difference between simple and progressive.
  37. I have read the Hunger Games. (I finished.)
  38. I have been reading the Hunger Games. (I'm not finished.)
  39. I don't eat meat. (I'm a vegetarian.)
  40. I'm not eating meat. (Today, at this meal, in this moment.)
  41.  
  42. Short Actions: start, stop, turn on
  43. - These actions usually take a very short time, so it's not common to use them in the progressive.
  44. I have turned off the light. (okay)
  45. I have been turning off the light (usually wrong)
  46. ---
  47. p. 7 exercise 2
  48. 2 walk
  49. 3 turn on
  50. 4 start
  51. 5 is giving
  52. 6 'm trying
  53. 7 's working / works
  54. 8 'm writing
  55. 9 is considering (currently = right now)
  56. 10 think (think = believe, non-action)
  57. 11 make
  58. 12 have (have = eat, action; this is a regular action)
  59. 13 'm doing
  60. 14 love
  61. ("am loving" = informal for "am really enjoying")
  62. ---
  63. sound/seem = non-actions
  64.  
  65. look
  66. feel
  67. smell
  68. taste
  69. = actions or non-actions, depending on the context
  70.  
  71. Actions when we do them ourselves:
  72. I'm looking at this picture.
  73. She's feeling his forehead to check if he has a fever.
  74. Stop to smell the flowers.
  75. You should taste the food before you serve it to them.
  76.  
  77. Non-actions when we use them to describe other things:
  78. It looks like it's going to rain. He looks sad.
  79. It feels too cold. It feels like you have a fever.
  80. The soup smells delicious.
  81. The soup tastes too salty.
  82. ---
  83. p. 15-16
  84.  
  85. tie the knot = get married
  86. get hitched = get married
  87.  
  88. out of the blue = at random, suddenly, with no particular reason or criteria
  89.  
  90. ponder = think about or consider
  91. ---
  92. used to: something true in the past but not any more
  93. (actions or non-actions)
  94.  
  95. I used to horseback ride, but now I don't.
  96. I didn't use to wear glasses.
  97. I used to have long hair.
  98. I didn't use to like pickles.
  99.  
  100. would: past habit or repeated short or medium action (maybe still true)
  101. Friends would ask him who he was going to marry.
  102. He would say he didn't know.
  103. * I would like pickles. (okay, but not about the past)
  104.  
  105. would: future in the past (for example in reported speech)
  106. He said, "I will marry someone on June 13, 1998."
  107. He said that he would marry someone on June 13, 1998.
  108.  
  109. was going to: future plan in the past
  110. He didn't know who he was going to marry.
  111. He knew he was going to get married in 1998.
  112. ---
  113. p. 21 exercise 3
  114. 2 would sleep
  115. 3 would go
  116. 4 would go
  117. 5 used to be (non-action, can't use "would")
  118. 6 used to live
  119. 7 used to be
  120. 8 would spend
  121. 9 used to think (this meaning of "think" is non-action)
  122. ---
  123. I met him before I met his wife.
  124. I had already met him by the time I met his wife.
  125. I hadn't yet met his wife when I met him.
  126.  
  127. I met his wife before I met him.
  128. I had already met his wife by the time I met him.
  129. I hadn't yet met him when I met his wife.
  130.  
  131. "already", "yet", "ever" - very common with perfect tenses
  132. "by the time", "since" - almost always -> perfect tenses
  133.  
  134. He said, "I finished my homework this morning."
  135. He said he had finished his homework that morning.
  136.  
  137. He said, "I have lived here for six years."
  138. He said that he had lived there for six years.
  139. ---
  140. Homework: p. 20 exercise 2, p. 22 exercise 4
Advertisement
Add Comment
Please, Sign In to add comment
Public Pastes
We use cookies for various purposes including analytics. By continuing to use Pastebin, you agree to our use of cookies as described in the Cookies Policy.  OK, I Understand
Not a member of Pastebin yet?
Sign Up, it unlocks many cool features!