2015-07-08 Core: 12 3rd conditionals

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
(This is the Core class.)
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Homework: p. 144 parts 2, 3, 4 (and read the book review)
part 2
1 to find a route to Asia through the Arctic Ocean
2 tragedy and failure (“fate” in this case means “result”)
3 brave, foolish
part 3
1 F - they didn’t learn from the local people
2 F - igloos are more appropriate
3 T
4 T
5 F - they brought fresh vegetables and meat
part 4 - They had to eat everything possible to survive, including their boots.
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If they had learned to build igloos, the explorers would have been warm.
(They didn’t learn to build igloos, so they were not warm.)
Parry’s men wouldn’t have been as healthy if they hadn’t eaten the salads.
(They were somewhat healthy because they ate the salads.)

Third conditional = past unreal conditional (it’s about situations in the past that were not real)
if + [past perfect], subj + would have + past participle (also “could have” and “might have”)

If I had worn better boots, I would have been happier.
I wish (that) I had worn better boots.
If they had come earlier, we would have been happier.
We wish (that) they had come earlier.
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(Remember, to talk about present and future unreal situations we use second conditionals.)
(It is possible to mix past and present: If they had brought more food, they would be alive today.)
(If I were a better student, I would have studied last night.)
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p. 145 part 8 - with a partner, write 3rd conditional sentences about each situation
1 If they had worn furs, they wouldn’t have gotten frostbite.
  (They wouldn’t have gotten frostbite if they had worn furs.)
2 If dogs had pulled the sleds, the men wouldn’t have been exhausted.
  If they had had dogs, they wouldn’t have been exhausted.
  If they had used dogs to pull their sleds, they wouldn’t have been exhausted.
3 If they had had only essential items, the sleds wouldn’t have been heavy.
4 If they had eaten Inuit food, they wouldn’t have gotten scurvy.
5 If they had known their canned food was poisonous, they wouldn’t have become ill.
6 If they had asked local people, they wouldn’t have gotten stuck in the ice.
  If they had asked local people, they would have known the Arctic Ocean could freeze.
7 If they had followed local customs, the expeditions would have been successful.
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They’d become sick because they didn’t know about vitamin C. (had)
They’d become sick if they didn’t know about vitamin C. (would)

In general, ‘d before base form -> “would”, and ‘d before past participle -> “had”.
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p. 145 part 9 - match the numbered sentences with the lettered sentences, then make third conditional sentences for each one.
1 b - If we had planned everything better, the vacation wouldn’t have been a disaster.
2 c - If we had known how to read the road signs, we wouldn't have gotten lost.
3 e - If we had taken a phrase book, we could have asked for help.
4 d - If the local people hadn't given us directions, we wouldn't have found the way back to the main road.
5 a - If we had checked the museum opening times, we wouldn't have gotten there too late.
    (If we hadn’t forgotten to check…)
6 f - If we had bought tickets ahead of time, we could have gotten into the museum.
  (if you chose ‘a’: If we hadn’t gotten there too late, we could have gotten into the museum.)
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BREAK
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I arrived late because I overslept. / I overslept, so I arrived late.
I wouldn’t have arrived late if I hadn’t overslept. / If I hadn’t overslept, I wouldn’t have arrived late.
I would have arrived on time if I had gotten up earlier.
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p. 145 part 10 (think of at least one time when you made the correct decision, and at least one time when you made the wrong decision)
part 11 - explain the decisions to your partner and think about what could have happened if you’d made the different decision. Also, give advice with “should have” and “could have”, especially for the wrong decision(s).
If I hadn’t come here, I wouldn’t be having a great time right now. I would be bored at home. (mixed)
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p. 146 part 1 - what do you already know (or believe) about samurai?
part 2 - how are these words connected?
duty: something you must do (because of moral obligation, not necessarily a legal one)
double-edged sword: a sword that can cut on both sides (this is also an expression for something that “cuts both ways” = it can help you but it can also hurt you)
warrior = someone who makes war (i.e. someone who fights)
soldier = someone who is paid to fight (professional soldiers in an army)
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Homework: p. 146 parts 4, 5, 6 (about the article on p. 147)
(bring your phone or other Internet device on Friday - you will do some research in class for the project)