2017-11-30 TOEFL: note-taking, speaking 4

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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https://ed.ted.com/lessons/where-do-superstitions-come-from-stuart-vyse
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Homework: DELTA p. 207-209 exercises 2.2.B-D
2.2.B
1 C
2 C D
3 A
4 B D
5 B D
6 B
7 C
8 B
9 A C
10 B
2.2.C
1 C
2 D
3 A
4 C
5 A D
6 D
7 B
8 A
9 B
10 D
2.2.D
1 A
2 C
3 D
4 D
5 B C
6 C
7 D
8 A D
9 B
10 A
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Take notes on https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t3CjTU7TaNA
How was the lecture organized?
Introduction: explanation of how vision works
Problem: fewer, less reliable photons at night
Solutions:
	- size: tarsier has big eyes -> can collect more light
	- cats have shiny eyes -> mirror in the eye gives a second chance for photoreceptors to detect light
	- toads have slow eyes -> 25x slower than humans, one image in 4 seconds = time for more light
	- hawk moths have “course” eyes -> photoreceptors are grouped together and bigger
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(You should recognize that you’re going to get a series of solutions when the speaker says “One of these adaptations is size”. That tells you there will be other adaptations mentioned.)
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Speaking Task 4 - integrated reading/listening/speaking about an academic text and lecture
- 45 seconds (40-50 but usually 45) to read the text (which introduces a topic or concept)
- listen to part of a lecture about that topic (which describes 2 or sometimes 3 specific examples)
- read/hear the prompt and take 30 seconds to prepare your response
- speak for 60 seconds
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Cambridge p. 472 - Read and take notes on symbiotic relationships.
sym = intimate bet. 2 organisms
	mutualism - +/+
	parasitism - +/-
	commensalism - +/0
		obligate = necessary for it to survive
		facultative = not necessary
CD 7.11 - Listen to the lecture and take notes (note that the beginning of the lecture reviews the same information from the text)
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BREAK
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The lecture:
- summarize the types of symbiotic relationship
- sometimes don’t know
bee and bee orchid: plant benefits but we don’t know how it affects the bee
- sometimes it changes
	bacteria on the skin: normally commensal, but can be harmful if the skin is burned (parasitic)
	shrimp and crabs on coral: normally commensal, but the animals can protect the coral if it’s attacked (mutual)
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Prompt: “The professor gives two examples of symbiotic ralationships that change. Explain both examples in terms of what the original symbiotic relationship was and what symbiotic relationship it became.”
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Your response should have these parts:
1 Introduction: introduce the topic and summarize what the text says about it
2 Lead-in: “The professor describes two examples of relationships that change.”
3 First point: “The first example is bacteria on our skin.”
4 Detail: “Normally the bacteria doesn’t affect us, so it’s commensalism. If the skin is burned, the bacteria can cause an infection that harms us, and it becomes parasitism.”
5 Second point: “The second example is…”
6 Detail
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Read and listen to the information from ETS 2 test 1.
In this case your first and second point are “what an establishing shot is” and “how it is used”.
Listen to the sample response.
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Tell your partner your responses to ETS guide test 3 and ETS 2 test 5.
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Record your responses to ETS 2 tests 2-4.