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- Greg Malivuk
- gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
- http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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- https://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-ballet-that-incited-a-riot-iseult-gillespie
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- Homework: compare/contrast language worksheet - complete the sentences with expressions from the list at the top
- 1 similarities between
- 2 Both...and (yes+yes)
- 3 have in common, both
- 4 Similarly/Likewise/In the same way, also
- (At the beginning of a sentence, only an adverb or a prepositional phrase can be separated with a comma like this.)
- 5 Similar to/Like (The preposition “like” always has this meaning.)
- 6 resemble/are similar to
- 7 Neither...nor (no+no)
- 8 difference between
- 9 While/Whereas (These show basic contrast, without contradiction or surprise. If the contrast is surprising, use “even though”.)
- 10 on the other hand/however/in contrast
- 11 In contrast to/Compared to/Unlike
- 12 is different from/differs from
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- like (v) = enjoy/love - I like pizza.
- like (prep) = similar to - You sound like your dad. I cried like a baby. (vs. “I cried as a baby.”)
- alike (adj/adv) = similar - You and your dad sound alike.
- likewise (adv) = similarly - Likewise, photography is also used to document history.
- likely (adj/adv) = probable/probably - That is a likely outcome. It will likely rain.
- unlike (prep) = different from
- unlikely (adj) = improbable
- dislike (v) = don’t like
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- Basic contrast means two things are different, but it’s not necessarily surprising or unexpected:
- Boston is cold in the winter. Miami is warm in the winter.
- Boston is cold in the winter, but Miami is warm in the winter.
- Miami is warm in the winter, but Boston is cold in the winter.
- While/Whereas Boston is cold in the winter, Miami is warm in the winter.
- = Boston is cold in the winter while/whereas Miami is warm in the winter.
- = Miami is warm in the winter while/whereas Boston is cold in the winter.
- Boston is cold in the winter. However/On the other hand/In contrast, Miami () is warm in the winter.
- = Miami is warm in the winter. However, Boston is cold in the winter.
- = … Boston, however, is cold in the winter.
- “Contradiction” means something is surprising or different from expectations.
- It was raining. We had a picnic. (Here the order matters - the picnic is the surprising fact.)
- Even though it was raining, we had a picnic. = We had a picnic even though it was raining.
- It was raining, but we had a picnic. = We had a picnic, but it was raining.
- It was raining. However, we (still) had a picnic.
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- surprising:
- Even though the chemicals can make otters vulnerable to disease, no dead otters have been found.
- (We would expect to find dead otters if they’d been dying from disease.)
- basic contrast:
- While the text argues that pollution is the most likely explanation, the speaker believes it’s predation.
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- If there’s a real contradiction or inconsistency, you can’t connect statements with these transitions, because these transitions still mean both sentences are true.
- WRONG: Even though the otters are dying from pollution, the otters are dying from predation.
- WRONG: The otters are dying from pollution. However, the otters are dying from predation.
- To avoid problems with this, you can report all opposing facts with citation language:
- The text states that otters are dying from pollution. However, the lecture argues that it’s predation.
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- Practice handout - part A
- 1 b
- 2 b
- 3 a
- 4 b
- 5 c
- part B
- 1 both
- 2 like
- 3 however
- 4 are different / differ
- 5 difference
- 6 While/Whereas
- 7 resemble (/ are often similar to)
- 8 on the other hand / in contrast / however
- 9 in common
- 10 unlike / in contrast to (/ “compared to” would also work if there’s no comma after “lines”)
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- BREAK
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- “Faulkner, who sometimes writes several pages about one scene,” = Faulkner
- (In other words, this whole phrase just refers to Faulkner and takes the place of a noun in a sentence. In particular, it can go after a verb or preposition.)
- “Faulkner sometimes writes several pages about one scene.” = sentence
- (In other words, this can go after a conjunction like “whereas” or a sentence adverb like “however”.)
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- https://www.livescience.com/new-coronavirus-compare-with-flu.html - Example compare/contrast article in which you can find many examples of this language. In a close reading, identify each example and make sure you understand why that word or phrase is used.
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- Writing practice: ETS 2 test 3
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- A very common issue with this independent writing is that people lose focus on the specific topic of the value and quantity of information available online.
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- thesis: problems if you don’t use it right
- 1 benefits: books, research, blogs available to help with problems
- example: embarrasing health question someone doesn’t want to ask a librarian about
- 2 anxiety: too much information about negative things can cause stress without being helpful
- example: COVID-19 information
- 3 reliability: anyone can write anything, so you can’t always tell if it’s reliable
- details: with fewer sources, or a library, it’s easier to know what’s reliable or not, but there are no barriers to making a website or a blog
- conclusion: if you aren’t careful, the amount of information online can cause problems because it’s stressful and may not be accurate
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- Homework (optional): if you want extra feedback on this writing, send me a self-evaluation about what you did well or badly, what you want to try to work on for next time
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