2018-07-03 TOEFL: word roots, reading paraphrase

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Word Roots (List 3) - With your partner, try to think of one or two words to explain the meaning of each root.
ego (egotistical, egomania) = self
endo (endotherm, endocrine) = inside
epi (epiphyte, epidermis, epidemic) = on/upon
equi (equidistant, equation) = same (quantity)
erg (ergonomic, energy) = work
esth/aesth (anesthetic, kinesthesia) = feeling/sensation (many words that start with this root have to do with perceiving beauty)
eu (euphemism, euphoria) = good
ex/ect (ex-husband, exit, excavate, ectotherm) = out/away/apart
extra (extraordinary, extrovert, extraterrestrial) = outside/beyond
fac/fact (artifact, factory) = make
fer (transfer, ferry) = carry
flect/flex (deflect, reflection, flexible) = bend
fore (foreground, forecast) = front/before (this is related to “first”, “former”, “pre”, “prime”, etc.)
fract/frag (fracture, fragment) = break
fug (refugee, fugitive) = flee/escape
funct (function, defunct) = perform
gen (generation, generate, genealogy) = create/make (In some words it means “family” or “kind”.)
geo (geography, geology) = Earth
graph (autograph, graphite, seismograph) = write/draw (or “communicate” more generally)
grat (gratify, gratuity, grateful) = please
helio (heliocentric, heliograph) = sun (This is the Greek root. The Latin root is “sol”.)
hemo (hemophilia, hemorrhage, hemoglobin) = blood
hetero (heterogeneous, heteronym) = different
homo (homogeneous, homonym) = same (quality or category)
hydro (hydrate, hydraulic, hydrophobia) = water/fluid
hyper (hyperextend, hyperactive, hypertension) = over
hypo (hypodermic, hypothermia, hypotension) = under
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TOEFL Test - 4-hour test, 4 sections, 120 points total (30 per section), $200
1 reading: 3 or 4 passages, 60-80 minutes, about 14 questions per passage
2 listening: 2 or 3 sets of 3 listening passages each, each set has 17 questions and 10 minutes to answer
	(10-minute break)
3 speaking: 6 tasks, 20 minutes total, 5.5 minutes of speaking time
4 writing: 2 tasks, about 60 minutes total, 20+30 minutes of writing time
	1 integrated: 3 minutes to read a text, listen to a lecture on the same topic, 20 minutes to write about the points from the lecture and how they relate to points from the reading
	2 independent: read a prompt asking a choice question, 30 minutes to write and support your answer
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Reading Question Types:
- vocabulary
- fact/detail
- negative fact
- purpose
- inference
- paraphrase
- reference/pronoun
- sentence insertion
- summarize
- organize/categorize
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BREAK
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DELTA p. 110-112 describes how to answer paraphrase questions.
Incorrect answers can fall into three types:
- incomplete answers don’t include all the essential information from the sentence (Usually there are two clauses in these sentences, and the correct answer needs to paraphrase both.)
- inaccurate answers say something that is untrue according to the reading
- irrelevant answers may be true, but are about information not found in the sentence
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p. 114-115 - Take 4 minutes to answer the first four questions in exercise 1.6.A.
Then compare your answers with your partner and say why you think your partner’s answers are wrong if you disagree.
1 D
2 A
3 C
4 B
p. 116-118 - Take 6 minutes to complete exercise 1.6.A.
Check with your partner and try to convince them of your answers if you disagree.
5 D
6 B
7 C
8 A
9 D
10 C
p. 119-121 - Take 10 minutes to answer the questions in 1.6.B.
Then check your answers with your partner.
1 D
2 A - negative fact
3 C
4 B
5 C - fact
6 A
7 B
8 D - vocabulary
9 B - inference
10 A
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Homework: Complete the handout (Cambridge)

NO CLASS TOMORROW (July 4)