2018-08-16 TOEFL: independent writing

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LgrXd0NM2y8
What was the original Rømer scale? Why 60?
What two adjustments did Fahrenheit make? Why?
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Vocabulary: comparing and contrasting
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Handout - Complete the sentences with the right expressions (sometimes more than one answer is correct)
1 similarities between [noun + preposition]
2 Both...and [paired conjunction]
3 have in common [verb phrase]
  both
4 Similarly/In the same way/Likewise [sentence adverb]
  also [adverb]
5 Like/Similar to [prepositions]
6 were similar to photography / resembled [verb]
7 Neither...nor [paired conjunction]
8 difference between [noun + preposition]
9 While/Whereas [subordinating conjunctions]
10 however/in contrast/on the other hand [sentence adverbs]
11 Compared to/In contrast to/Unlike [prepositions]
12 differs from/is different from [verbs]
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Prepositional phrases (like “in the same way”) cannot go in the middle of the verb phrase.
In addition, “they express emotions in the same way” means they use the same methods to express emotions.

“like” is a preposition, so it’s followed by a noun (“similar to”)
“likewise” is an adverb, which can be followed by a sentence (“similarly”)
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Writing Section: fourth and final section, 2 tasks, 20+30 minutes of writing time
1 integrated: read a passage, listen to a lecture about the same topic, write about the points from the lecture and how they relate to the text
2 independent: read a choice question prompt, write and support your answer
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Independent prompts can be agree/disagree, or some people/other people

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
A person should never make an important decision alone.
Use reasons and examples to support your response.

Some people like to get advice from their friends and family before making an important decision. Others prefer to make important decisions alone. Which do you think is better? Use reasons and examples to support your response.
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Five-paragraph response:
1 Introduction: summarize the options you’re choosing between and state your opinion (thesis statement)
2-4 Body: state your reason, show that the reason is true, show that it supports your thesis
5 Conclusion: restate your opinion, summarize your reasons, takaway for the reader (advice or prediction)
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BREAK
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Writing Practice - Take 30 minutes to respond to each prompt. Then email your responses to me.
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Homework: score the sample happiness essays on the handout, according to the score descriptions on p. 419 of your book or the independent writing descriptions at https://www.ets.org/s/toefl/pdf/toefl_writing_rubrics.pdf