2014-08-20 Structure: articles

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http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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Homework: p. 105-107 (reading and questions)
A
1 e
2 d
3 g
4 h
5 c
6 a
7 b
8 f
B
1 F - Polynesians
2 T
3 T
4 F - dragged them with canoe rails
5 T - political competition led to deforestation
6 T
7 F - drier
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ARTICLES
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a/an, the, Ø (zero article / no article)
 a university (the first *sound* is /y/)
(unit, unite, usual, use, useful, uni-)
 a one-way trip
an unusual university

an hour (the first sound is a vowel, <h> is silent)
 a hotel (this <h> is not silent)
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(Singular) Indefinite Article: a/an
singular count nouns, nonspecific and generic
nonspecific: I need to buy a new computer.
    generic: A computer is a useful tool for communicating.

Zero Article: Ø (no article in the sentence)
- plural count nouns and noncount nouns, nonspecific and generic
We need forks and spoons for the party. (plural/nonspecific)
We need beer for the party. (noncount/nonspecific)
Fruits and vegetables are healthy. (plural/generic)
Smartphones are becoming more and more common. (pl./generic)
Beer is not very healthy. (noncount/generic)
- most proper nouns
Boston, New York City, Lake Michigan, England, Greg

Definite Article: the
- all types of noun, specific and generic
The new computer should arrive tomorrow.
The forks and spoons are in the cupboard.
The beer is in the refrigerator.
The computer was invented during World War II.
  (the+singular generic for technology, inventions, species, and body parts)
The rain forests are in danger everywhere.
(cannot be noncount+generic)
- some proper nouns
the Empire State Building, the Whitehouse, the Charles River, the United States of America, the UK, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Republic of Italy, the Netherlands

the + adjective = adjective people (in general)
  the young = young people (in general)
the British = British people (in general)
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p. 110 exercise 1A
2 D
3 N (there are some gigantic platforms)
4 D
5 G (the wheel as a generic technology)
6 G (explaining the technology)
7 G (the species)
8 N
9 G
10 D

- If you modify a noun with a prepositional phrase ("of seafood") or identifying adjective clause ("that we used to own"), it is NOT generic.
(Can still be specific or nonspecific:
	"the dog that we used to own" means there's only one dog we used to have
	"a dog that we used to own" means there have been several)
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p. 112 exercise 3
2 the
3 A (this is the first time they're mentioned)
4 the
5 the (it's specifically the part that thaws)
6 the
7 the/a (depending on what the team said)
8 the
9 (no article)

10 The
11 a
12 Ø
13 an (first mention of any environmental hazard)
14 the
15 the
16 The
17 the
18 Ø
19 the
20 the
21 Ø
22 the
23 the
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Homework: p. 119 (all)