2018-05-22 TOEFL: word roots, reading fact

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Word Roots - list 3 - With your partner, try to think of one or two words to explain the meaning of each root.
ego (egotistical, egomania) = self
endo (endotherm, endocrine) = in/inside
epi (epiphyte, epidermis, epidemic) = on/upon
equi (equidistant, equation) = same (quantity)
erg (ergonomic, energy) = work
esth/aesth (anesthetic, kinesthesia) = feeling (many words that begin with this root are related to beauty)
eu (euphemism, euphoria) = good (the opposite prefix is “dys”)
ex/ect (ex-husband, exit, excavate, ectotherm) = out/away
extra (extraordinary, extrovert, extraterrestrial) = beyond/over
fac/fact (artifact, factory) = make
fer (transfer, ferry) = carry
flect/flex (deflect, reflection, flexible) = bend
fore (foreground, forecast) = front (fore/front/first/pre/prime/proto - all come from the same root)
fract/frag (fracture, fragment, fragile) = break
fug (refugee, fugitive) = flee/escape
funct (function, defunct) = perform
gen (generation, generate, genealogy) = make/create
geo (geography, geology) = earth
graph (autograph, graphite, seismograph) = write/draw
grat (gratify, gratuity, grateful) = thanks/please
helio (heliocentric, heliograph) = sun
hemo (hemophilia, hemorrhage, hemoglobin) = blood
hetero (heterogeneous, heteronym) = different
homo (homogeneous, homonym) = same (quality or category)
hydro (hydrate, hydraulic, hydrophobia) = water/fluid
hyper (hyperextend, hyperactive, hypertension) = over
hypo (hypodermic, hypothermia, hypotension) = under
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Sometimes “synonymous” roots can be used to make words that are not close synonyms
supersonic = higher speed than sound
ultrasonic = higher frequency than sound
predict = normal or scientific statements about the future
foretell = magical or supernatural prediction
prophecy = a prediction related to or coming from God
	(The most common verb for what a prophecy or prophet does is “fortell”.)
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TOEFL Test - 4 parts, about 4 hours total, about $200, 120 points total (30 for each section)
1 Reading: 3 or 4 passages, 60 or 80 minutes, about 14 questions per passage
2 Listening: 2 or 3 sets of 3 passages (6 or 9 passages, 60-90 minutes total), 17 questions per set, 10 minutes to choose answers per set
	(10-minute break)
3 Speaking: 6 tasks, 20 minutes total, 5.5 minutes of speaking time
4 Writing: 2 tasks, 20+30 minutes of writing, about 1 hour total
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Reading Question Types:
- fact/detail
- negative fact
- vocabulary
- paraphrase
- purpose
- inference
- reference/pronoun
- sentence insertion
- summarize
- organize/categorize
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Handout (Cambridge) p. 181 - Take 3 minutes to answer the T/F questions for passage 1. Then check your answers with your partners.
A. T
B. F
C. T
D. T (“doubt as to the feasibility of construction” means some people didn’t think it was a viable idea)
E. F
F. F
G. F
H. T
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Take 4 minutes to read and answer the questions about passage 2.
A. T
B. F
C. F
D. T
E. T
F. F (The separation of the bones allows them to detect the source.)
G. T
H. T
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BREAK
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Check your answers with your partner for passage 2.
Take 5 minutes for passage 3. Then compare your answers with your partner.
A. T
B. F
C. F
D. T
E. T
F. F
G. T
H. T
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Take 4 minutes for the fourth passage.
A. F (It is unmatched, meaning other violins can’t match a Strad.)
B. T
C. T
D. F
E. F (The color is mentioned as a detail, but is not important to the quality.)
F. T
G. F
H. T
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(Longman) p. 51 - Take 5 minutes to answer the questions about Lake Baikal.
1 D
2 A (It’s the ninth largest lake in area, so there are 8 other lakes with larger areas.)
3 D
4 C
5 B
p. 52 - Take 5 minutes for the postage stamp.
6 C
7 A
8 D
9 B
10 C
p. 53 - Take 5 minutes for Clovis.
11 A
12 D
13 C
14 B
15 D
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Homework: DELTA p. 20-28 exercises 1.1.A, 1.1.B, 1.1.C