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The Somalia Civil War - Every Month (1978-Present) Sources

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Dec 30th, 2019
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  1. The Somali Civil War - Every Month (1978-Present) sources:
  2.  
  3. Books:
  4. Somalia: State Collapse, Multilateral Intervention, and Strategies for Political Reconstruction by Terrence Lyons and Ahmed I. Samatar
  5. Suicidal State in Somalia - The Rise and Fall of the Siad Barre Regime, 1969-1991 by Mohamed Haji Ingiriis
  6. Somalia in Transition since 2006 by Shaul Shay
  7.  
  8. Websites:
  9. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ee72HqxI_2I
  10. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullahi_Yusuf_Ahmed
  11. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factions_in_the_Somali_Civil_War
  12. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali_Salvation_Democratic_Front
  13. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaaq_genocide
  14. http://shcas.shnu.edu.cn/_upload/article/files/f4/e2/4c0522234a98a0a7ed66aec4d4e2/7b2a673e-fa6e-4c1b-835d-2eb34c65098e.pdf
  15. http://www.arlaadinet.com/unosom.html
  16. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali_National_Movement
  17. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Ethiopian%E2%80%93Somali_Border_War
  18. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali_Rebellion
  19. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Somali_Congress
  20. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali_Patriotic_Movement
  21. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali_Civil_War
  22. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Somali_Unionist_Movement
  23. https://search.archives.un.org/somali-african-muki-organization-samo
  24. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Task_Force
  25. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Gothic_Serpent
  26. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Ali_Atto
  27. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hussein_Farrah_Aidid
  28. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullahi_Yusuf_Ahmed
  29. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musa_Sudi_Yalahow
  30. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahanweyn_Resistance_Army
  31. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Said_Hersi_Morgan
  32. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juba_Valley_Alliance
  33. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allied_Somali_Forces
  34. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Itihaad_al-Islamiya
  35. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitional_national_government,_Republic_of_Somalia
  36. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia_Reconciliation_and_Restoration_Council
  37. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-piracy_measures_in_Somalia
  38. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piracy_off_the_coast_of_Somalia
  39. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Ocean_Shield
  40. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Atalanta
  41. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_for_the_Restoration_of_Peace_and_Counter-Terrorism
  42. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advance_of_the_Islamic_Courts_Union
  43. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Courts_Union
  44. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Mogadishu_(2006)
  45. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Union_Mission_to_Somalia_(2007%E2%80%93present)
  46. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galmudug
  47. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_in_Somalia
  48. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_in_Somalia
  49. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia_War_(2006%E2%80%932009)
  50. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabhatul_Islamiya
  51. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muaskar_Anole
  52. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ras_Kamboni_Brigades
  53. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)
  54. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Al-Shabaab_related_events
  55. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_in_Somalia
  56. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhusamareb_airstrike
  57. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Beledweyne_(2008)
  58. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizbul_Islam
  59. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_for_Central_Somalia_(2009)
  60. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Mogadishu_(2009)
  61. https://www.criticalthreats.org/briefs/gulf-of-aden-security-review/gulf-of-aden-security-review-september-21-2009
  62. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Said_Atom
  63. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Linda_Nchi
  64. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_timeline_of_the_War_in_Somalia
  65. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_timeline_of_the_War_in_Somalia
  66. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_timeline_of_the_War_in_Somalia
  67. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_timeline_of_the_War_in_Somalia
  68. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukhtar_Robow
  69. https://ctc.usma.edu/app/uploads/2017/11/CTC-Sentinel_Vol10Iss10-18.pdf
  70. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_in_Somalia
  71. https://ctc.usma.edu/reigniting-rivalry-islamic-state-somalia-vs-al-shabaab/
  72. https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-army/2019/05/29/us-airstrikes-interrupt-isis-and-al-shabaab-battleground/
  73.  
  74. Somalia Books timeline:
  75.  
  76. 1983-1988: The United States and Italy backed the government,
  77. however the US stopped supporting the government in 1988
  78.  
  79. 1984:
  80.  
  81. July: Attacks on Berbera, Burco and Hargeisa by the Somali National Movement increased
  82.  
  83. 1988:
  84.  
  85. July(?): Protests occur in Hargeysa and are brutally crushed
  86.  
  87. 1989:
  88.  
  89. A Mutiny in Galkayo occurs
  90.  
  91. March: The Somali Patriotic Movement fights the Government in Afmadow (Afmadu)
  92.  
  93. May: The Somali National Movement captures Burco (Burao) and reaches but not captures
  94. Hargeisa
  95.  
  96. July 14th: Protests occur in Mogadishu and are heavily crushed by Government
  97. forces
  98.  
  99. Late 1989: Demonstrations and Riots continue against the government
  100.  
  101. 1990: The Somali Democratic Movement and the United Somali Congress forms the Somali Liberation Army, the Somali Patrotic Movement and the Southern Somali National Movement later join the group
  102.  
  103. June: Protests surround the Court House and Presidential Palace in Mogadishu
  104.  
  105. July:
  106.  
  107. 6: Soccer fans boo at an image of the Regime's leader and are shot by military police
  108.  
  109. Mid 1990: Protests, Riots and Demonstrations rapidly increased as the regime
  110. loses territory left and right
  111.  
  112. Throughout 1991: Regime Loyalists (Members of the leader's clan, soldiers loyal
  113. to the former regime, etc) move south, then up the Juba River into Ethiopia
  114.  
  115. December:
  116.  
  117. 30: United Somali Congress fighters capture Hiilweyne and enter Mogadishu
  118.  
  119. 1991:
  120.  
  121. January: The United Somali Congress is divided between Ali Mahdi north of Mogadishu and Farah
  122. Aideed south of Mogadishu after the fall of the regime
  123.  
  124. Possibly in January, the Somali Patriotic Front split between Colonel Omar
  125. Jess and General Morgan, fighting largely within Kismayo and Bardera
  126.  
  127. Possibly in February: Regime Loyalists evacuate Afgooye and moved away from the town
  128.  
  129. April: Regime Loyalists and the Somali National Front (A regime loyalist group)
  130. fight against the United Somali Congress from Kisamyo to Mogadishu and Central
  131. Somalia, they retreated afterwards
  132.  
  133. 24: Regime Loyalists move north from Kismayo
  134.  
  135. June: Fighting between Ali Mahdi and Aideed occurs possibly in Central(ish)
  136. Somalia
  137.  
  138. September: Fighting occurs between the two factions again, Regime Loyalists seize Baidoa
  139.  
  140. October: Fighting continues between Ali Mahdi and Aideed
  141.  
  142. November: Fighting possibly in Mogadishu occurrs by the factions again
  143.  
  144. 1992:
  145.  
  146. The Somali National Alliance (SNA) is formed by Aideed
  147.  
  148. Fighting between Isee and Habir Unis clans occurred
  149.  
  150. May: Regime Loyalists attempt to capture Mogadishu but is defeated at Baledogle, Airport(?) by Somali Liberation Army
  151.  
  152. March: Fighting occurs between Ali Mahdi and Aideed in Mogadishu
  153.  
  154. December
  155.  
  156. 5: The Unified Task Force is formed and deploys UN Peacekeeping troops in Baidoa, X(H)udder, Baledogle, Jalalaqsi, Beledwayne, Bardera, Kismayo, Marka and Mogadishu
  157.  
  158. 1993: The Somali Democratic Movement/Bonka is formed by Baidoa
  159.  
  160. January: General Morgan infiltrates Kismayo and his forces are attacked by US
  161. gunships
  162.  
  163. February:
  164.  
  165. Belgian Peacekeepers take control of Kismayo
  166.  
  167. 24-25: Protests reportedly loyal to Aideed sacks the Egyptian Embassy
  168. and attack UN Peacekeeping troops
  169.  
  170. March:
  171.  
  172. 16: General Morgan attack Kismayo and take control of the town
  173.  
  174. April: Omar Jess attacks Kismayo
  175.  
  176. May: Fighting occurs in Kismayo
  177.  
  178. 5: Zimbabwe UN Peacekeeping troops control Wajid
  179.  
  180. June:
  181.  
  182. 5: An armed group of Somalis (Probably Aideed's forces) attack Pakistani UN peacekeepers
  183. in Mogadishu
  184.  
  185. 1995: Omar Haji Massale occupies Gedo and Aadan Gabyow occupies Middle Juba
  186.  
  187. March:
  188.  
  189. 19: The Pan-Digil and Mirifle Congress forms the Riverine State in Juba (Upper and Lower) and Banadir regions in Baidoa
  190.  
  191. December:
  192.  
  193. 24: An Islamic Court in Northern Mogadishu is formed
  194.  
  195. 1996: The Islamic Court Union is defacto formed
  196.  
  197. June:
  198.  
  199. 24: Musa Yadi Yalahow rises up as a new warlord in Southern Mogadishu
  200.  
  201. July: Aideed's forces attack Yadi's forces in the Medina area of Southern Mogadishu
  202.  
  203. 1997: Al-Qaeda sets up a base in Ras Kamboi
  204.  
  205. 1997-98: Al-Qaeda groups (Specifically Al-Ittihad) formed Sharia courts in South Mogadishu
  206. and Merca
  207.  
  208. 1998: Bakool is captured by the Rahanweyn Resistance Army (RRA)
  209.  
  210. September: Xudder is captured by the RRA
  211.  
  212. 1999: Bay is captured by the RRA
  213.  
  214. 2005:
  215.  
  216. November: Al-Qaeda linked Sharia court militias (More then likely the Islamic
  217. Courts Union) shut down cinemas in Northern Mogadishu over Western films being
  218. played
  219.  
  220. 2006:
  221.  
  222. March: Fighting breaks down between the ARPCT and the Islamic Court Union in Mogadishu
  223.  
  224. 05: Eritrea is sanctioned for backing the Islamic Court Union by the UN and United States
  225. Eritrea gives weapons, ammunition and other forms of equipment
  226.  
  227. June: The Islamic Court Union changes it's name to the Supreme Council of Islamic Courts
  228.  
  229. July: Iran ships arms and medical supplies to the Supreme
  230. Council
  231.  
  232. 19: The Supreme Council captures Bur Hakaba
  233.  
  234. October:
  235.  
  236. 12: ICU and forces loyal to the Government fight in Buale (Dujuma)
  237.  
  238. 13: Islamist protests burns copies of Newspapers cricitizing Islamists in Burco
  239.  
  240. 17: Awdal News Network reports of a Supreme Council branch in Burco, Somaliland
  241.  
  242. November:
  243.  
  244. 5: Fighting occurs in Galinsoor between Puntland and the Supreme Council
  245.  
  246. 19: Fighting occurs between Ethiopia and the Supreme Council in the Galguduud province
  247.  
  248. 2008:
  249.  
  250. July: Fighting breaks out between the Ahlu Sunna Wal Jama'a (ASWJ) and Al-Shabaab in the
  251. Southwestern and Central areas of Somalia
  252.  
  253. December: the ASWJ is backed by the Government and Ethiopia
  254.  
  255. 2009:
  256.  
  257. January: Kismayo residents riots against al-Shabaab after transforming a
  258. soccer stadium into a market
  259.  
  260. 13: Gunmen from an Islamist faction (Possibly Al-Shabaab) reaches central Mogadishu
  261.  
  262. Late-September: The Government captures Beledweyne from
  263. Hizb al-Islam
  264.  
  265. 2010:
  266.  
  267. January: Insurgent groups had effectively strong control
  268. outside of Mogadishu and Baidoa in areas south of Puntland
  269.  
  270. December: Al-Shabaab captures an infamous pirate base from Hizb
  271. al-Islam
  272.  
  273. 2011:
  274.  
  275. Turkey establishes strong ties to Somalia, effectively allying
  276. with Somalia
  277.  
  278. September:
  279.  
  280. 10: Islamists (Probably from Al-Shabaab) attack a resort in Kiwayu
  281.  
  282. October:
  283.  
  284. 1: Gunmen land and attack the Manda bay main beach
  285.  
  286. 16: Kenya crosses Somalia from the Kenyan town of Liboi
  287.  
  288. 17: Kenya captures the El Waq (Gedo Region)
  289.  
  290. 18: Kenya captures Afmadow
  291.  
  292. 20: Kenya captures Ras Kamboni
  293.  
  294. 21: Kenya captures Oddo and Kolnio
  295.  
  296. 27: Al-Shabaab attacks Mandera, Kenya
  297.  
  298. 28: Kenyan troops are ambushed 60 kms from the border
  299. along the route towards Kismayo
  300.  
  301. November: Kenya sieges Kismayo
  302.  
  303. 6: Al-Shabaab attack Mandera, Kenya again
  304.  
  305. 7: Al-Shabaab attacks Damajale, Kenya
  306.  
  307. 9: Al-Shabaab attacks El Waq in Mandera, Kenya(?)
  308.  
  309. 11: Al-Shabaab captures Tabda and Dhobley, Protests in Mogadishu
  310. occur against Kenya's intervention against Islamists
  311.  
  312. 19: Ethiopia sends troops and seizes towns in Central Somalia
  313. near the Somalia-Ethiopian Border
  314.  
  315. 23: Al-Shabaab attacks a Military Convoy 10 kms from Liboi
  316.  
  317. December:
  318.  
  319. 31: Beledweyne is captured by Ethiopian troops
  320.  
  321. 2012:
  322.  
  323. January:
  324.  
  325. 11: Al-Shabaab attacked Gerille camp in Wajir District, Kenya
  326.  
  327. February:
  328.  
  329. 19: Al-Shabaab attack a police station in Hulugho, Kenya
  330.  
  331. May:
  332.  
  333. 30: Kenya capture Xayo
  334.  
  335. 31: Kenya and Somali government forces recapture Afmadow from
  336. Al-Shabaab
  337.  
  338. September:
  339.  
  340. 1: Kenya and Government forces attack and capture Miido
  341.  
  342. Possibly in September: Fighting 40 kms from Kismayo occurs in
  343. the Battle of Birta Dheer
  344.  
  345. 2013:
  346.  
  347. June: Ahmed Madobe is leader of Jubaland, which is not recognized
  348. by Somalia as the leader
  349.  
  350. 19: Al-Shabaab attacks an UN compound in Mogadishu
  351.  
  352. October:
  353.  
  354. 5: The United States SEALS attacks a Al-Shabaab commander in Baraawe
  355.  
  356. 2015:
  357.  
  358. November: Former deputy emir of Al-Shabaab, Hussein Abdi Gedi is killed in Middle Juba after fighting Al-Shabaab in support of ISIS
  359.  
  360. Pro-ISIS militants fight in Saacow
  361.  
  362. December: ISIS militants attack Qunyo Barrow (South of Haramka)
  363.  
  364. Possibly between November and December: Fighting is reported by Government forces in Lower Shabelle and Bay administrative, suggesting ISIS has an underrated presence from Middle Juba all the way to areas near
  365. Baidoa and Mogadishu
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