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- Exercise 5 Answer Key
- Chapter 11 Aggregate Expenditure and Output in the Short Run
- 11.1 The Aggregate Expenditure Model
- 1) The aggregate expenditure model focuses on the relationship between ________ and ________ in the short run, assuming ________ is constant.
- A) total production; total income; real GDP
- B) total spending; real GDP; total income
- C) total spending; real GDP; the price level
- D) total income; real GDP; the price level
- Answer: C
- Comment: Recurring
- Diff: 1 Page Ref: 744/340
- Topic: The Aggregate Expenditure Model
- Objective: LO1: Understand how macroeconomic equilibrium is determined in the aggregate expenditure model.
- AACSB: Reflective Thinking
- Special Feature: None
- 2) The key idea of the aggregate expenditure model is that in any particular year, the level of GDP is determined mainly by
- A) investment spending.
- B) export spending.
- C) government spending.
- D) the level of aggregate expenditure.
- Answer: D
- Comment: Recurring
- Diff: 1 Page Ref: 744/340
- Topic: The Aggregate Expenditure Model
- Objective: LO1: Understand how macroeconomic equilibrium is determined in the aggregate expenditure model.
- AACSB: Reflective Thinking
- Special Feature: None
- 3) A decrease in consumer confidence can put your job at risk if
- A) aggregate expenditures fall.
- B) consumers expect their incomes to rise in the future.
- C) aggregate expenditures rise.
- D) consumers expect firms to increase investment in the future.
- Answer: A
- Diff: 1 Page Ref: 743/339
- Topic: The Aggregate Expenditure Model
- Objective: LO1: Understand how macroeconomic equilibrium is determined in the aggregate expenditure model.
- AACSB: Reflective Thinking
- Special Feature: Economics in YOUR LIFE!: When Consumer Confidence Fails, is Your Job at Risk?
- 4) Household spending on goods and services is known as
- A) consumption spending.
- B) planned investment spending.
- C) government purchases.
- D) net exports.
- Answer: A
- Comment: Recurring
- Diff: 1 Page Ref: 744/340
- Topic: The Aggregate Expenditure Model
- Objective: LO1: Understand how macroeconomic equilibrium is determined in the aggregate expenditure model.
- AACSB: Reflective Thinking
- Special Feature: None
- 5) The aggregate expenditure model focuses on the ________ relationship between real spending and ________.
- A) short-run; real GDP
- B) short-run; inflation
- C) long-run; real GDP
- D) long-run; inflation
- Answer: A
- Comment: Recurring
- Diff: 2 Page Ref: 744/340
- Topic: The Aggregate Expenditure Model
- Objective: LO1: Understand how macroeconomic equilibrium is determined in the aggregate expenditure model.
- AACSB: Reflective Thinking
- Special Feature: None
- 6) An unplanned increase in inventories results from
- A) an increase in planned investment.
- B) a decrease in planned investment.
- C) actual investment that is greater than planned investment.
- D) actual investment that is less than planned investment.
- Answer: C
- Comment: Recurring
- Diff: 2 Page Ref: 745/341
- Topic: Planned Investment and Actual Investment
- Objective: LO1: Understand how macroeconomic equilibrium is determined in the aggregate expenditure model.
- AACSB: Reflective Thinking
- Special Feature: None
- 11.2 Determining the Level of Aggregate Expenditure in the Economy
- 1) Which is the largest component of aggregate expenditure?
- A) planned investment expenditures
- B) consumption expenditures
- C) government expenditures
- D) net export expenditures
- Answer: B
- Comment: Recurring
- Diff: 1 Page Ref: 747/343
- Topic: Determining the Level of Aggregate Expenditure
- Objective: LO1: Understand how macroeconomic equilibrium is determined in the aggregate expenditure model.
- AACSB: Reflective Thinking
- Special Feature: None
- 2) The five most important variables that determine the level of consumption are
- A) disposable income, wealth, expected future income, price level, and interest rate
- B) wealth, savings account balances, checking account balances, stock portfolio balances, and bond portfolio balances
- C) government purchases, interest rates, income, taxes, and transfers
- D) government purchases, saving account balances, wealth, interest rates, portfolio balances
- Answer: A
- Comment: Recurring
- Diff: 2 Page Ref: 747/343
- Topic: Consumption
- Objective: LO2: Discuss the determinants of the four components of aggregate expenditure and define marginal propensity to consume and marginal propensity to save.
- AACSB: Reflective Thinking
- Special Feature: None
- 3) A decrease in Social Security payments will
- A) decrease consumption spending.
- B) decrease investment spending.
- C) decrease government spending.
- D) decrease export spending.
- Answer: A
- Comment: Recurring
- Diff: 1 Page Ref: 747/343
- Topic: Consumption
- Objective: LO2: Discuss the determinants of the four components of aggregate expenditure and define marginal propensity to consume and marginal propensity to save.
- AACSB: Reflective Thinking
- Special Feature: None
- 4) Examples of assets that are included in household wealth would be
- A) stocks, bonds, and savings accounts.
- B) stocks, loans owed, and savings accounts.
- C) stocks, bonds, and mortgages.
- D) stocks, credit cards, and savings accounts.
- Answer: A
- Comment: Recurring
- Diff: 2 Page Ref: 748/344
- Topic: Household Wealth
- Objective: LO2: Discuss the determinants of the four components of aggregate expenditure and define marginal propensity to consume and marginal propensity to save.
- AACSB: Reflective Thinking
- Special Feature: None
- 5) An increase in the real interest rate will
- A) cause consumers to spend more and save less.
- B) most likely lower consumers' purchases of durable goods.
- C) most likely lower the reward to savings.
- D) most likely lower the cost of borrowing.
- Answer: B
- Comment: Recurring
- Diff: 2 Page Ref: 750/346
- Topic: The Interest Rate
- Objective: LO2: Discuss the determinants of the four components of aggregate expenditure and define marginal propensity to consume and marginal propensity to save.
- AACSB: Reflective Thinking
- Special Feature: None
- 6) Which of the following will raise consumer expenditures?
- A) an increase in interest rates
- B) a general decline in housing prices
- C) an increase in expected future income
- D) an increase in the price level
- Answer: C
- Comment: Recurring
- Diff: 3 Page Ref: 750/346
- Topic: Expected Future Income
- Objective: LO2: Discuss the determinants of the four components of aggregate expenditure and define marginal propensity to consume and marginal propensity to save.
- AACSB: Reflective Thinking
- Special Feature: None
- 7) The slope of the consumption function is equal to
- A) the change in consumption divided by the change in disposable income.
- B) the change in consumption divided by the change in personal income.
- C) the change in disposable income divided by the change in consumption.
- D) the change in national income divided by the change in consumption.
- Answer: A
- Comment: Recurring
- Diff: 2 Page Ref: 751/347
- Topic: The Consumption Function
- Objective: LO2: Discuss the determinants of the four components of aggregate expenditure and define marginal propensity to consume and marginal propensity to save.
- AACSB: Reflective Thinking
- Special Feature: None
- 8) If disposable income increases by $100 million, and consumption increases by $90 million, then the marginal propensity to consume is
- A) 0.9.
- B) 0.8.
- C) 0.75.
- D) 0.6.
- Answer: A
- Comment: Recurring
- Diff: 2 Page Ref: 751/347
- Topic: The Marginal Propensity to Consume
- Objective: LO2: Discuss the determinants of the four components of aggregate expenditure and define marginal propensity to consume and marginal propensity to save.
- AACSB: Analytic Skills
- Special Feature: None
- Table 11-1
- Consumption
- (dollars) Disposable Income (dollars)
- $1,200 $3,000
- 2,100 4,000
- 3,000 5,000
- 9) Refer to Table 11-1. Given the consumption schedule in the table above, the marginal propensity to consume is
- A) 0.1.
- B) 0.3.
- C) 0.6.
- D) 0.9.
- Answer: D
- Diff: 2 Page Ref: 754-755/350-351
- Topic: The Consumption Function
- Objective: LO2: Discuss the determinants of the four components of aggregate expenditure and define marginal propensity to consume and marginal propensity to save.
- AACSB: Analytic Skills
- Special Feature: Solved Problem: Calculating the Marginal Propensity to Consume and the Marginal Propensity to Save
- 10) Refer to Table 11-1. Given the consumption schedule in the table above, the marginal propensity to save is
- A) 0.1.
- B) 0.4.
- C) 0.7.
- D) 0.9.
- Answer: A
- Diff: 2 Page Ref: 754-755/350-351
- Topic: The Marginal Propensity to Save
- Objective: LO2: Discuss the determinants of the four components of aggregate expenditure and define marginal propensity to consume and marginal propensity to save.
- AACSB: Analytic Skills
- Special Feature: Solved Problem: Calculating the Marginal Propensity to Consume and the Marginal Propensity to Save
- 11) If national income increases by $20 million and consumption increases by $5 million, the marginal propensity to consume is
- A) 4.
- B) 0.75.
- C) 0.5.
- D) 0.25.
- Answer: D
- Comment: Recurring
- Diff: 2 Page Ref: 751/347
- Topic: Consumption and National Income
- Objective: LO2: Discuss the determinants of the four components of aggregate expenditure and define marginal propensity to consume and marginal propensity to save.
- AACSB: Analytic Skills
- Special Feature: None
- 12) If the marginal propensity to save is 0.25, then a $10,000 decrease in disposable income will
- A) increase consumption by $7,500.
- B) increase consumption by $2,500.
- C) decrease consumption by $7,500.
- D) decrease consumption by $2,500.
- Answer: C
- Comment: Recurring
- Diff: 2 Page Ref: 754/350
- Topic: The Marginal Propensity to Save
- Objective: LO2: Discuss the determinants of the four components of aggregate expenditure and define marginal propensity to consume and marginal propensity to save.
- AACSB: Analytic Skills
- Special Feature: None
- 13) If the marginal propensity to consume is 0.75, the marginal propensity to save is
- A) 0.25.
- B) 0.5.
- C) 1.
- D) 3.
- Answer: A
- Comment: Recurring
- Diff: 1 Page Ref: 754/350
- Topic: The Marginal Propensity to Save
- Objective: LO2: Discuss the determinants of the four components of aggregate expenditure and define marginal propensity to consume and marginal propensity to save.
- AACSB: Analytic Skills
- Special Feature: None
- 14) If firms are more optimistic that future profits will rise and remain strong for the next few years, then
- A) investment spending will fall.
- B) investment spending will rise.
- C) investment spending will remain unaffected.
- D) investment spending will rise and then fall.
- Answer: B
- Comment: Recurring
- Diff: 2 Page Ref: 755-756/351-352
- Topic: Planned Investment
- Objective: LO2: Discuss the determinants of the four components of aggregate expenditure and define marginal propensity to consume and marginal propensity to save.
- AACSB: Reflective Thinking
- Special Feature: None
- 11.3 Graphing Macroeconomic Equilibrium
- 1) On the 45-degree line diagram, the 45-degree line shows points where
- A) real income equals real GDP.
- B) real aggregate expenditure equals C + I.
- C) real aggregate expenditure equals real GDP.
- D) real aggregate output equals the quantity produced.
- Answer: C
- Comment: Recurring
- Diff: 2 Page Ref: 762-763/358-359
- Topic: Macroeconomic Equilibrium
- Objective: LO3: Use a 45-degree line diagram to illustrate macroeconomic equilibrium.
- AACSB: Reflective Thinking
- Special Feature: None
- 2) If planned aggregate expenditure is less than total production,
- A) actual inventories will equal planned inventories.
- B) firms will experience an unplanned increase in inventories.
- C) GDP will increase.
- D) the economy is in equilibrium.
- Answer: B
- Comment: Recurring
- Diff: 2 Page Ref: 760-762/356-358
- Topic: Graphing Macroeconomic Equilibrium
- Objective: LO3: Use a 45-degree line diagram to illustrate macroeconomic equilibrium.
- AACSB: Reflective Thinking
- Special Feature: None
- 3) If the economy is currently in equilibrium at a level of GDP that is below potential GDP, which of the following would move the economy back to potential GDP?
- A) an increase in wealth
- B) an increase in interest rates
- C) a decrease in business confidence
- D) an increase in the value of the dollar relative to other currencies
- Answer: A
- Comment: Recurring
- Diff: 3 Page Ref: 760-762/356-358
- Topic: Macroeconomic Equilibrium
- Objective: LO3: Use a 45-degree line diagram to illustrate macroeconomic equilibrium.
- AACSB: Analytic Skills
- Special Feature: None
- Figure 11-2
- 4) Refer to Figure 11-2. According to the figure above, at what point is aggregate expenditure greater than GDP?
- A) J
- B) K
- C) L
- D) none of the above
- Answer: A
- Comment: Recurring
- Diff: 2 Page Ref: 761-762/357-358
- Topic: Graphing Macroeconomic Equilibrium
- Skill: Graphing
- Objective: LO3: Use a 45-degree line diagram to illustrate macroeconomic equilibrium.
- AACSB: Analytic Skills
- Special Feature: None
- 5) Refer to Figure 11-2. At point L in the figure above, which of the following is true?
- A) Aggregate expenditure is greater than GDP.
- B) The economy has achieved macroeconomic equilibrium.
- C) Actual inventories are greater than planned inventories.
- D) GDP will be increasing.
- Answer: C
- Comment: Recurring
- Diff: 2 Page Ref: 761-762/357-358
- Topic: Graphing Macroeconomic Equilibrium
- Skill: Graphing
- Objective: LO3: Use a 45-degree line diagram to illustrate macroeconomic equilibrium.
- AACSB: Analytic Skills
- Special Feature: None
- 6) Refer to Figure 11-2. If the economy is at point L, what will happen?
- A) Inventories have fallen below their desired level, and firms decrease production.
- B) Inventories have fallen below their desired level, and firms increase production.
- C) Inventories have risen above their desired level, and firms decrease production.
- D) Inventories have risen above their desired level, and firms increase production.
- Answer: C
- Comment: Recurring
- Diff: 2 Page Ref: 761-762/357-358
- Topic: Graphing Macroeconomic Equilibrium
- Skill: Graphing
- Objective: LO3: Use a 45-degree line diagram to illustrate macroeconomic equilibrium.
- AACSB: Analytic Skills
- Special Feature: None
- 7) Refer to Figure 11-2. If the economy is at a level of aggregate expenditure given by point K,
- A) the economy is in equilibrium.
- B) production is greater than spending.
- C) production is less than spending.
- D) inventories will increase above their desired level.
- Answer: A
- Comment: Recurring
- Diff: 2 Page Ref: 761-762/357-358
- Topic: Graphing Macroeconomic Equilibrium
- Skill: Graphing
- Objective: LO3: Use a 45-degree line diagram to illustrate macroeconomic equilibrium.
- AACSB: Analytic Skills
- Special Feature: None
- 8) If planned aggregate expenditure is below potential GDP and planned aggregate expenditure equals GDP, then
- A) actual inventory investment will be less than planned inventory investment.
- B) actual inventory investment will be greater than planned inventory investment.
- C) the economy is in a recession.
- D) the economy is at full employment.
- Answer: C
- Comment: Recurring
- Diff: 3 Page Ref: 760-762/356-358
- Topic: Macroeconomic Equilibrium
- Objective: LO3: Use a 45-degree line diagram to illustrate macroeconomic equilibrium.
- AACSB: Reflective Thinking
- Special Feature: None
- 11.4 The Multiplier Effect
- Figure 11-3
- 1) Refer to Figure 11-3. Suppose that investment spending increases by $10 million, shifting up the aggregate expenditure line and GDP increases from GDP1 to GDP2. If the MPC is 0.9, then what is the change in GDP?
- A) $9 million
- B) $10 million
- C) $90 million
- D) $100 million
- Answer: D
- Comment: Recurring
- Diff: 2 Page Ref: 767-768/363-364
- Topic: The Multiplier Effect
- Skill: Graphing
- Objective: LO4: Describe the multiplier effect and use the multiplier formula to calculate changes in equilibrium GDP.
- AACSB: Analytic Skills
- Special Feature: None
- 2) Refer to Figure 11-3. Suppose that government spending increases, shifting up the aggregate expenditure line. GDP increases from GDP1 to GDP2, and this amount is $400 billion. If the MPC is 0.75, then what is the distance between N and L or by how much did government spending change?
- A) $10 billion
- B) $100 billion
- C) $200 billion
- D) $300 billion
- Answer: B
- Comment: Recurring
- Diff: 3 Page Ref: 767-768/363-364
- Topic: The Multiplier Effect
- Skill: Graphing
- Objective: LO4: Describe the multiplier effect and use the multiplier formula to calculate changes in equilibrium GDP.
- AACSB: Analytic Skills
- Special Feature: None
- Figure 11-4
- 3) Refer to Figure 11-4. Potential GDP equals $100 billion. The economy is currently producing GDP1 which is equal to $90 billion. If the MPC is 0.8, then how much must autonomous spending change for the economy to move to potential GDP?
- A) -$18 billion
- B) -$2 billion
- C) $2 billion
- D) $18 billion
- Answer: C
- Comment: Recurring
- Diff: 3 Page Ref: 767-768/363-364
- Topic: The Multiplier Effect
- Skill: Graphing
- Objective: LO4: Describe the multiplier effect and use the multiplier formula to calculate changes in equilibrium GDP.
- AACSB: Analytic Skills
- Special Feature: None
- 4) In the aggregate expenditure model, ________ has both an autonomous component and an induced component.
- A) planned investment spending
- B) consumption spending
- C) government spending
- D) net export spending
- Answer: B
- Comment: Recurring
- Diff: 1 Page Ref: 767-768/363-364
- Topic: The Multiplier Effect
- Objective: LO4: Describe the multiplier effect and use the multiplier formula to calculate changes in equilibrium GDP.
- AACSB: Reflective Thinking
- Special Feature: None
- 5) If an increase in autonomous consumption spending of $10 million results in a $50 million increase in equilibrium real GDP, then
- A) the MPC is 0.5.
- B) the MPC is 0.75.
- C) the MPC is 0.8.
- D) the MPC is 0.9.
- Answer: C
- Comment: Recurring
- Diff: 3 Page Ref: 767-768/363-364
- Topic: The Multiplier Effect
- Objective: LO4: Describe the multiplier effect and use the multiplier formula to calculate changes in equilibrium GDP.
- AACSB: Analytic Skills
- Special Feature: None
- 6) The multiplier is calculated as the
- A) change in real GDP/ change in autonomous expenditure.
- B) change in autonomous expenditure/ change in real GDP.
- C) change in nominal GDP/ change in autonomous expenditure.
- D) change in real GDP/ change in induced spending.
- Answer: A
- Comment: Recurring
- Diff: 1 Page Ref: 770-771/366-367
- Topic: The Multiplier Effect
- Objective: LO4: Describe the multiplier effect and use the multiplier formula to calculate changes in equilibrium GDP.
- AACSB: Reflective Thinking
- Special Feature: None
- 7) Which of the following is a true statement about the multiplier?
- A) The multiplier rises as the MPC rises.
- B) The smaller the MPC, the larger the multiplier.
- C) The multiplier is a value between zero and one.
- D) The multiplier effect does not occur when autonomous expenditure decreases.
- Answer: A
- Comment: Recurring
- Diff: 2 Page Ref: 771/367
- Topic: The Multiplier Effect
- Objective: LO4: Describe the multiplier effect and use the multiplier formula to calculate changes in equilibrium GDP.
- AACSB: Reflective Thinking
- Special Feature: None
- 11.5 The Aggregate Demand Curve
- 1) The aggregate demand curve illustrates the relationship between ________ and the ________, holding constant all other factors that affect aggregate expenditure.
- A) the price level; quantity of planned aggregate expenditure
- B) the inflation rate; quantity of planned aggregate expenditure
- C) the price level; quantity of planned investment expenditure
- D) the price level; quantity of consumption expenditure
- Answer: A
- Comment: Recurring
- Diff: 1 Page Ref: 773-774/369-370
- Topic: The Aggregate Demand Curve
- Objective: LO5: Understand the relationship between the aggregate demand curve and aggregate expenditure.
- AACSB: Reflective Thinking
- Special Feature: None
- 2) Which of the following correctly describes how an increase in the price level affects consumption spending?
- A) An increase in the price level raises real wealth, which causes consumption to increase.
- B) An increase in the price level decreases the amount of money a household needs to buy goods and raises the interest rate, which causes consumption to increase.
- C) An increase in the price level increases the amount of money a household needs to buy goods and raises the interest rate, which causes consumption to increase
- D) An increase in the price level lowers real wealth, which causes consumption to decrease.
- Answer: D
- Comment: Recurring
- Diff: 2 Page Ref: 773-774/369-370
- Topic: The Aggregate Demand Curve
- Objective: LO5: Understand the relationship between the aggregate demand curve and aggregate expenditure.
- AACSB: Reflective Thinking
- Special Feature: None
- 3) What impact does a decrease in the price level in the United States have on net exports and why?
- A) A decrease in the price level increases net exports because lower prices increase the value of the dollar.
- B) A decrease in the price level increases net exports by reducing the relative cost of American goods.
- C) A decrease in the price level reduces net exports because lower prices raise the value of the dollar.
- D) A decrease in the price level reduces net exports because lower prices increase American spending on imports.
- Answer: B
- Comment: Recurring
- Diff: 2 Page Ref: 773-774/369-370
- Topic: The Aggregate Demand Curve
- Objective: LO5: Understand the relationship between the aggregate demand curve and aggregate expenditure.
- AACSB: Reflective Thinking
- Special Feature: None
- 4) An increase in aggregate expenditure has what result on equilibrium GDP?
- A) Equilibrium GDP rises.
- B) Equilibrium GDP is not affected by a decrease in aggregate expenditure.
- C) Equilibrium GDP falls.
- D) Equilibrium GDP may rise or fall depending on the size of the decrease in aggregate expenditure relative to the initial level of GDP.
- Answer: A
- Comment: Recurring
- Diff: 2 Page Ref: 773-774/369-370
- Topic: The Aggregate Demand Curve
- Objective: LO5: Understand the relationship between the aggregate demand curve and aggregate expenditure.
- AACSB: Reflective Thinking
- Special Feature: None
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