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- /*************************************************************************
- * Compilation: javac StdDraw.java
- * Execution: java StdDraw
- *
- * Standard drawing library. This class provides a basic capability for
- * creating drawings with your programs. It uses a simple graphics model that
- * allows you to create drawings consisting of points, lines, and curves
- * in a window on your computer and to save the drawings to a file.
- *
- * Todo
- * ----
- * - Add support for gradient fill, etc.
- *
- * Remarks
- * -------
- * - don't use AffineTransform for rescaling since it inverts
- * images and strings
- * - careful using setFont in inner loop within an animation -
- * it can cause flicker
- *
- *************************************************************************/
- import java.awt.*;
- import java.awt.event.*;
- import java.awt.geom.*;
- import java.awt.image.*;
- import java.io.*;
- import java.net.*;
- import java.util.LinkedList;
- import java.util.TreeSet;
- import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
- import javax.swing.*;
- /**
- * <i>Standard draw</i>. This class provides a basic capability for
- * creating drawings with your programs. It uses a simple graphics model that
- * allows you to create drawings consisting of points, lines, and curves
- * in a window on your computer and to save the drawings to a file.
- * <p>
- * For additional documentation, see <a href="http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/15inout">Section 1.5</a> of
- * <i>Introduction to Programming in Java: An Interdisciplinary Approach</i> by Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne.
- */
- public final class StdDraw implements ActionListener, MouseListener, MouseMotionListener, KeyListener {
- // pre-defined colors
- public static final Color BLACK = Color.BLACK;
- public static final Color BLUE = Color.BLUE;
- public static final Color CYAN = Color.CYAN;
- public static final Color DARK_GRAY = Color.DARK_GRAY;
- public static final Color GRAY = Color.GRAY;
- public static final Color GREEN = Color.GREEN;
- public static final Color LIGHT_GRAY = Color.LIGHT_GRAY;
- public static final Color MAGENTA = Color.MAGENTA;
- public static final Color ORANGE = Color.ORANGE;
- public static final Color PINK = Color.PINK;
- public static final Color RED = Color.RED;
- public static final Color WHITE = Color.WHITE;
- public static final Color YELLOW = Color.YELLOW;
- /**
- * Shade of blue used in Introduction to Programming in Java.
- * It is Pantone 300U. The RGB values are approximately (9, 90, 166).
- */
- public static final Color BOOK_BLUE = new Color( 9, 90, 166);
- public static final Color BOOK_LIGHT_BLUE = new Color(103, 198, 243);
- /**
- * Shade of red used in Algorithms 4th edition.
- * It is Pantone 1805U. The RGB values are approximately (150, 35, 31).
- */
- public static final Color BOOK_RED = new Color(150, 35, 31);
- // default colors
- private static final Color DEFAULT_PEN_COLOR = BLACK;
- private static final Color DEFAULT_CLEAR_COLOR = WHITE;
- // current pen color
- private static Color penColor;
- // default canvas size is DEFAULT_SIZE-by-DEFAULT_SIZE
- private static final int DEFAULT_SIZE = 512;
- private static int width = DEFAULT_SIZE;
- private static int height = DEFAULT_SIZE;
- // default pen radius
- private static final double DEFAULT_PEN_RADIUS = 0.002;
- // current pen radius
- private static double penRadius;
- // show we draw immediately or wait until next show?
- private static boolean defer = false;
- // boundary of drawing canvas, 5% border
- private static final double BORDER = 0.05;
- private static final double DEFAULT_XMIN = 0.0;
- private static final double DEFAULT_XMAX = 1.0;
- private static final double DEFAULT_YMIN = 0.0;
- private static final double DEFAULT_YMAX = 1.0;
- private static double xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax;
- // for synchronization
- private static Object mouseLock = new Object();
- private static Object keyLock = new Object();
- // default font
- private static final Font DEFAULT_FONT = new Font("SansSerif", Font.PLAIN, 16);
- // current font
- private static Font font;
- // double buffered graphics
- private static BufferedImage offscreenImage, onscreenImage;
- private static Graphics2D offscreen, onscreen;
- // singleton for callbacks: avoids generation of extra .class files
- private static StdDraw std = new StdDraw();
- // the frame for drawing to the screen
- private static JFrame frame;
- // mouse state
- private static boolean mousePressed = false;
- private static double mouseX = 0;
- private static double mouseY = 0;
- // queue of typed key characters
- private static LinkedList<Character> keysTyped = new LinkedList<Character>();
- // set of key codes currently pressed down
- private static TreeSet<Integer> keysDown = new TreeSet<Integer>();
- // not instantiable
- private StdDraw() { }
- // static initializer
- static { init(); }
- /**
- * Set the window size to the default size 512-by-512 pixels.
- */
- public static void setCanvasSize() {
- setCanvasSize(DEFAULT_SIZE, DEFAULT_SIZE);
- }
- /**
- * Set the window size to w-by-h pixels.
- *
- * @param w the width as a number of pixels
- * @param h the height as a number of pixels
- * @throws a RunTimeException if the width or height is 0 or negative
- */
- public static void setCanvasSize(int w, int h) {
- if (w < 1 || h < 1) throw new RuntimeException("width and height must be positive");
- width = w;
- height = h;
- init();
- }
- // init
- private static void init() {
- if (frame != null) frame.setVisible(false);
- frame = new JFrame();
- offscreenImage = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
- onscreenImage = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
- offscreen = offscreenImage.createGraphics();
- onscreen = onscreenImage.createGraphics();
- setXscale();
- setYscale();
- offscreen.setColor(DEFAULT_CLEAR_COLOR);
- offscreen.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
- setPenColor();
- setPenRadius();
- setFont();
- clear();
- // add antialiasing
- RenderingHints hints = new RenderingHints(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,
- RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
- hints.put(RenderingHints.KEY_RENDERING, RenderingHints.VALUE_RENDER_QUALITY);
- offscreen.addRenderingHints(hints);
- // frame stuff
- ImageIcon icon = new ImageIcon(onscreenImage);
- JLabel draw = new JLabel(icon);
- draw.addMouseListener(std);
- draw.addMouseMotionListener(std);
- frame.setContentPane(draw);
- frame.addKeyListener(std); // JLabel cannot get keyboard focus
- frame.setResizable(false);
- frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); // closes all windows
- // frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE); // closes only current window
- frame.setTitle("Standard Draw");
- frame.setJMenuBar(createMenuBar());
- frame.pack();
- frame.requestFocusInWindow();
- frame.setVisible(true);
- }
- // create the menu bar (changed to private)
- private static JMenuBar createMenuBar() {
- JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
- JMenu menu = new JMenu("File");
- menuBar.add(menu);
- JMenuItem menuItem1 = new JMenuItem(" Save... ");
- menuItem1.addActionListener(std);
- menuItem1.setAccelerator(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke(KeyEvent.VK_S,
- Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getMenuShortcutKeyMask()));
- menu.add(menuItem1);
- return menuBar;
- }
- /*************************************************************************
- * User and screen coordinate systems
- *************************************************************************/
- /**
- * Set the x-scale to be the default (between 0.0 and 1.0).
- */
- public static void setXscale() { setXscale(DEFAULT_XMIN, DEFAULT_XMAX); }
- /**
- * Set the y-scale to be the default (between 0.0 and 1.0).
- */
- public static void setYscale() { setYscale(DEFAULT_YMIN, DEFAULT_YMAX); }
- /**
- * Set the x-scale (a 10% border is added to the values)
- * @param min the minimum value of the x-scale
- * @param max the maximum value of the x-scale
- */
- public static void setXscale(double min, double max) {
- double size = max - min;
- xmin = min - BORDER * size;
- xmax = max + BORDER * size;
- }
- /**
- * Set the y-scale (a 10% border is added to the values).
- * @param min the minimum value of the y-scale
- * @param max the maximum value of the y-scale
- */
- public static void setYscale(double min, double max) {
- double size = max - min;
- ymin = min - BORDER * size;
- ymax = max + BORDER * size;
- }
- /**
- * Set the x-scale and y-scale (a 10% border is added to the values)
- * @param min the minimum value of the x- and y-scales
- * @param max the maximum value of the x- and y-scales
- */
- public static void setScale(double min, double max) {
- setXscale(min, max);
- setYscale(min, max);
- }
- // helper functions that scale from user coordinates to screen coordinates and back
- private static double scaleX(double x) { return width * (x - xmin) / (xmax - xmin); }
- private static double scaleY(double y) { return height * (ymax - y) / (ymax - ymin); }
- private static double factorX(double w) { return w * width / Math.abs(xmax - xmin); }
- private static double factorY(double h) { return h * height / Math.abs(ymax - ymin); }
- private static double userX(double x) { return xmin + x * (xmax - xmin) / width; }
- private static double userY(double y) { return ymax - y * (ymax - ymin) / height; }
- /**
- * Clear the screen to the default color (white).
- */
- public static void clear() { clear(DEFAULT_CLEAR_COLOR); }
- /**
- * Clear the screen to the given color.
- * @param color the Color to make the background
- */
- public static void clear(Color color) {
- offscreen.setColor(color);
- offscreen.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
- offscreen.setColor(penColor);
- draw();
- }
- /**
- * Get the current pen radius.
- */
- public static double getPenRadius() { return penRadius; }
- /**
- * Set the pen size to the default (.002).
- */
- public static void setPenRadius() { setPenRadius(DEFAULT_PEN_RADIUS); }
- /**
- * Set the radius of the pen to the given size.
- * @param r the radius of the pen
- * @throws RuntimeException if r is negative
- */
- public static void setPenRadius(double r) {
- if (r < 0) throw new RuntimeException("pen radius must be positive");
- penRadius = r * DEFAULT_SIZE;
- BasicStroke stroke = new BasicStroke((float) penRadius, BasicStroke.CAP_ROUND, BasicStroke.JOIN_ROUND);
- // BasicStroke stroke = new BasicStroke((float) penRadius);
- offscreen.setStroke(stroke);
- }
- /**
- * Get the current pen color.
- */
- public static Color getPenColor() { return penColor; }
- /**
- * Set the pen color to the default color (black).
- */
- public static void setPenColor() { setPenColor(DEFAULT_PEN_COLOR); }
- /**
- * Set the pen color to the given color. The available pen colors are
- * BLACK, BLUE, CYAN, DARK_GRAY, GRAY, GREEN, LIGHT_GRAY, MAGENTA,
- * ORANGE, PINK, RED, WHITE, and YELLOW.
- * @param color the Color to make the pen
- */
- public static void setPenColor(Color color) {
- penColor = color;
- offscreen.setColor(penColor);
- }
- /**
- * Get the current font.
- */
- public static Font getFont() { return font; }
- /**
- * Set the font to the default font (sans serif, 16 point).
- */
- public static void setFont() { setFont(DEFAULT_FONT); }
- /**
- * Set the font to the given value.
- * @param f the font to make text
- */
- public static void setFont(Font f) { font = f; }
- /*************************************************************************
- * Drawing geometric shapes.
- *************************************************************************/
- /**
- * Draw a line from (x0, y0) to (x1, y1).
- * @param x0 the x-coordinate of the starting point
- * @param y0 the y-coordinate of the starting point
- * @param x1 the x-coordinate of the destination point
- * @param y1 the y-coordinate of the destination point
- */
- public static void line(double x0, double y0, double x1, double y1) {
- offscreen.draw(new Line2D.Double(scaleX(x0), scaleY(y0), scaleX(x1), scaleY(y1)));
- draw();
- }
- /**
- * Draw one pixel at (x, y).
- * @param x the x-coordinate of the pixel
- * @param y the y-coordinate of the pixel
- */
- private static void pixel(double x, double y) {
- offscreen.fillRect((int) Math.round(scaleX(x)), (int) Math.round(scaleY(y)), 1, 1);
- }
- /**
- * Draw a point at (x, y).
- * @param x the x-coordinate of the point
- * @param y the y-coordinate of the point
- */
- public static void point(double x, double y) {
- double xs = scaleX(x);
- double ys = scaleY(y);
- double r = penRadius;
- // double ws = factorX(2*r);
- // double hs = factorY(2*r);
- // if (ws <= 1 && hs <= 1) pixel(x, y);
- if (r <= 1) pixel(x, y);
- else offscreen.fill(new Ellipse2D.Double(xs - r/2, ys - r/2, r, r));
- draw();
- }
- /**
- * Draw a circle of radius r, centered on (x, y).
- * @param x the x-coordinate of the center of the circle
- * @param y the y-coordinate of the center of the circle
- * @param r the radius of the circle
- * @throws RuntimeException if the radius of the circle is negative
- */
- public static void circle(double x, double y, double r) {
- if (r < 0) throw new RuntimeException("circle radius can't be negative");
- double xs = scaleX(x);
- double ys = scaleY(y);
- double ws = factorX(2*r);
- double hs = factorY(2*r);
- if (ws <= 1 && hs <= 1) pixel(x, y);
- else offscreen.draw(new Ellipse2D.Double(xs - ws/2, ys - hs/2, ws, hs));
- draw();
- }
- /**
- * Draw filled circle of radius r, centered on (x, y).
- * @param x the x-coordinate of the center of the circle
- * @param y the y-coordinate of the center of the circle
- * @param r the radius of the circle
- * @throws RuntimeException if the radius of the circle is negative
- */
- public static void filledCircle(double x, double y, double r) {
- if (r < 0) throw new RuntimeException("circle radius can't be negative");
- double xs = scaleX(x);
- double ys = scaleY(y);
- double ws = factorX(2*r);
- double hs = factorY(2*r);
- if (ws <= 1 && hs <= 1) pixel(x, y);
- else offscreen.fill(new Ellipse2D.Double(xs - ws/2, ys - hs/2, ws, hs));
- draw();
- }
- /**
- * Draw an ellipse with given semimajor and semiminor axes, centered on (x, y).
- * @param x the x-coordinate of the center of the ellipse
- * @param y the y-coordinate of the center of the ellipse
- * @param semiMajorAxis is the semimajor axis of the ellipse
- * @param semiMinorAxis is the semiminor axis of the ellipse
- * @throws RuntimeException if either of the axes are negative
- */
- public static void ellipse(double x, double y, double semiMajorAxis, double semiMinorAxis) {
- if (semiMajorAxis < 0) throw new RuntimeException("ellipse semimajor axis can't be negative");
- if (semiMinorAxis < 0) throw new RuntimeException("ellipse semiminor axis can't be negative");
- double xs = scaleX(x);
- double ys = scaleY(y);
- double ws = factorX(2*semiMajorAxis);
- double hs = factorY(2*semiMinorAxis);
- if (ws <= 1 && hs <= 1) pixel(x, y);
- else offscreen.draw(new Ellipse2D.Double(xs - ws/2, ys - hs/2, ws, hs));
- draw();
- }
- /**
- * Draw an ellipse with given semimajor and semiminor axes, centered on (x, y).
- * @param x the x-coordinate of the center of the ellipse
- * @param y the y-coordinate of the center of the ellipse
- * @param semiMajorAxis is the semimajor axis of the ellipse
- * @param semiMinorAxis is the semiminor axis of the ellipse
- * @throws RuntimeException if either of the axes are negative
- */
- public static void filledEllipse(double x, double y, double semiMajorAxis, double semiMinorAxis) {
- if (semiMajorAxis < 0) throw new RuntimeException("ellipse semimajor axis can't be negative");
- if (semiMinorAxis < 0) throw new RuntimeException("ellipse semiminor axis can't be negative");
- double xs = scaleX(x);
- double ys = scaleY(y);
- double ws = factorX(2*semiMajorAxis);
- double hs = factorY(2*semiMinorAxis);
- if (ws <= 1 && hs <= 1) pixel(x, y);
- else offscreen.fill(new Ellipse2D.Double(xs - ws/2, ys - hs/2, ws, hs));
- draw();
- }
- /**
- * Draw an arc of radius r, centered on (x, y), from angle1 to angle2 (in degrees).
- * @param x the x-coordinate of the center of the circle
- * @param y the y-coordinate of the center of the circle
- * @param r the radius of the circle
- * @param angle1 the starting angle. 0 would mean an arc beginning at 3 o'clock.
- * @param angle2 the angle at the end of the arc. For example, if
- * you want a 90 degree arc, then angle2 should be angle1 + 90.
- * @throws RuntimeException if the radius of the circle is negative
- */
- public static void arc(double x, double y, double r, double angle1, double angle2) {
- if (r < 0) throw new RuntimeException("arc radius can't be negative");
- while (angle2 < angle1) angle2 += 360;
- double xs = scaleX(x);
- double ys = scaleY(y);
- double ws = factorX(2*r);
- double hs = factorY(2*r);
- if (ws <= 1 && hs <= 1) pixel(x, y);
- else offscreen.draw(new Arc2D.Double(xs - ws/2, ys - hs/2, ws, hs, angle1, angle2 - angle1, Arc2D.OPEN));
- draw();
- }
- /**
- * Draw a square of side length 2r, centered on (x, y).
- * @param x the x-coordinate of the center of the square
- * @param y the y-coordinate of the center of the square
- * @param r radius is half the length of any side of the square
- * @throws RuntimeException if r is negative
- */
- public static void square(double x, double y, double r) {
- if (r < 0) throw new RuntimeException("square side length can't be negative");
- double xs = scaleX(x);
- double ys = scaleY(y);
- double ws = factorX(2*r);
- double hs = factorY(2*r);
- if (ws <= 1 && hs <= 1) pixel(x, y);
- else offscreen.draw(new Rectangle2D.Double(xs - ws/2, ys - hs/2, ws, hs));
- draw();
- }
- /**
- * Draw a filled square of side length 2r, centered on (x, y).
- * @param x the x-coordinate of the center of the square
- * @param y the y-coordinate of the center of the square
- * @param r radius is half the length of any side of the square
- * @throws RuntimeException if r is negative
- */
- public static void filledSquare(double x, double y, double r) {
- if (r < 0) throw new RuntimeException("square side length can't be negative");
- double xs = scaleX(x);
- double ys = scaleY(y);
- double ws = factorX(2*r);
- double hs = factorY(2*r);
- if (ws <= 1 && hs <= 1) pixel(x, y);
- else offscreen.fill(new Rectangle2D.Double(xs - ws/2, ys - hs/2, ws, hs));
- draw();
- }
- /**
- * Draw a rectangle of given half width and half height, centered on (x, y).
- * @param x the x-coordinate of the center of the rectangle
- * @param y the y-coordinate of the center of the rectangle
- * @param halfWidth is half the width of the rectangle
- * @param halfHeight is half the height of the rectangle
- * @throws RuntimeException if halfWidth or halfHeight is negative
- */
- public static void rectangle(double x, double y, double halfWidth, double halfHeight) {
- if (halfWidth < 0) throw new RuntimeException("half width can't be negative");
- if (halfHeight < 0) throw new RuntimeException("half height can't be negative");
- double xs = scaleX(x);
- double ys = scaleY(y);
- double ws = factorX(2*halfWidth);
- double hs = factorY(2*halfHeight);
- if (ws <= 1 && hs <= 1) pixel(x, y);
- else offscreen.draw(new Rectangle2D.Double(xs - ws/2, ys - hs/2, ws, hs));
- draw();
- }
- /**
- * Draw a filled rectangle of given half width and half height, centered on (x, y).
- * @param x the x-coordinate of the center of the rectangle
- * @param y the y-coordinate of the center of the rectangle
- * @param halfWidth is half the width of the rectangle
- * @param halfHeight is half the height of the rectangle
- * @throws RuntimeException if halfWidth or halfHeight is negative
- */
- public static void filledRectangle(double x, double y, double halfWidth, double halfHeight) {
- if (halfWidth < 0) throw new RuntimeException("half width can't be negative");
- if (halfHeight < 0) throw new RuntimeException("half height can't be negative");
- double xs = scaleX(x);
- double ys = scaleY(y);
- double ws = factorX(2*halfWidth);
- double hs = factorY(2*halfHeight);
- if (ws <= 1 && hs <= 1) pixel(x, y);
- else offscreen.fill(new Rectangle2D.Double(xs - ws/2, ys - hs/2, ws, hs));
- draw();
- }
- /**
- * Draw a polygon with the given (x[i], y[i]) coordinates.
- * @param x an array of all the x-coordindates of the polygon
- * @param y an array of all the y-coordindates of the polygon
- */
- public static void polygon(double[] x, double[] y) {
- int N = x.length;
- GeneralPath path = new GeneralPath();
- path.moveTo((float) scaleX(x[0]), (float) scaleY(y[0]));
- for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
- path.lineTo((float) scaleX(x[i]), (float) scaleY(y[i]));
- path.closePath();
- offscreen.draw(path);
- draw();
- }
- /**
- * Draw a filled polygon with the given (x[i], y[i]) coordinates.
- * @param x an array of all the x-coordindates of the polygon
- * @param y an array of all the y-coordindates of the polygon
- */
- public static void filledPolygon(double[] x, double[] y) {
- int N = x.length;
- GeneralPath path = new GeneralPath();
- path.moveTo((float) scaleX(x[0]), (float) scaleY(y[0]));
- for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
- path.lineTo((float) scaleX(x[i]), (float) scaleY(y[i]));
- path.closePath();
- offscreen.fill(path);
- draw();
- }
- /*************************************************************************
- * Drawing images.
- *************************************************************************/
- // get an image from the given filename
- private static Image getImage(String filename) {
- // to read from file
- ImageIcon icon = new ImageIcon(filename);
- // try to read from URL
- if ((icon == null) || (icon.getImageLoadStatus() != MediaTracker.COMPLETE)) {
- try {
- URL url = new URL(filename);
- icon = new ImageIcon(url);
- } catch (Exception e) { /* not a url */ }
- }
- // in case file is inside a .jar
- if ((icon == null) || (icon.getImageLoadStatus() != MediaTracker.COMPLETE)) {
- URL url = StdDraw.class.getResource(filename);
- if (url == null) throw new RuntimeException("image " + filename + " not found");
- icon = new ImageIcon(url);
- }
- return icon.getImage();
- }
- /**
- * Draw picture (gif, jpg, or png) centered on (x, y).
- * @param x the center x-coordinate of the image
- * @param y the center y-coordinate of the image
- * @param s the name of the image/picture, e.g., "ball.gif"
- * @throws RuntimeException if the image is corrupt
- */
- public static void picture(double x, double y, String s) {
- Image image = getImage(s);
- double xs = scaleX(x);
- double ys = scaleY(y);
- int ws = image.getWidth(null);
- int hs = image.getHeight(null);
- if (ws < 0 || hs < 0) throw new RuntimeException("image " + s + " is corrupt");
- offscreen.drawImage(image, (int) Math.round(xs - ws/2.0), (int) Math.round(ys - hs/2.0), null);
- draw();
- }
- /**
- * Draw picture (gif, jpg, or png) centered on (x, y),
- * rotated given number of degrees
- * @param x the center x-coordinate of the image
- * @param y the center y-coordinate of the image
- * @param s the name of the image/picture, e.g., "ball.gif"
- * @param degrees is the number of degrees to rotate counterclockwise
- * @throws RuntimeException if the image is corrupt
- */
- public static void picture(double x, double y, String s, double degrees) {
- Image image = getImage(s);
- double xs = scaleX(x);
- double ys = scaleY(y);
- int ws = image.getWidth(null);
- int hs = image.getHeight(null);
- if (ws < 0 || hs < 0) throw new RuntimeException("image " + s + " is corrupt");
- offscreen.rotate(Math.toRadians(-degrees), xs, ys);
- offscreen.drawImage(image, (int) Math.round(xs - ws/2.0), (int) Math.round(ys - hs/2.0), null);
- offscreen.rotate(Math.toRadians(+degrees), xs, ys);
- draw();
- }
- /**
- * Draw picture (gif, jpg, or png) centered on (x, y), rescaled to w-by-h.
- * @param x the center x coordinate of the image
- * @param y the center y coordinate of the image
- * @param s the name of the image/picture, e.g., "ball.gif"
- * @param w the width of the image
- * @param h the height of the image
- * @throws RuntimeException if the width height are negative
- * @throws RuntimeException if the image is corrupt
- */
- public static void picture(double x, double y, String s, double w, double h) {
- Image image = getImage(s);
- double xs = scaleX(x);
- double ys = scaleY(y);
- if (w < 0) throw new RuntimeException("width is negative: " + w);
- if (h < 0) throw new RuntimeException("height is negative: " + h);
- double ws = factorX(w);
- double hs = factorY(h);
- if (ws < 0 || hs < 0) throw new RuntimeException("image " + s + " is corrupt");
- if (ws <= 1 && hs <= 1) pixel(x, y);
- else {
- offscreen.drawImage(image, (int) Math.round(xs - ws/2.0),
- (int) Math.round(ys - hs/2.0),
- (int) Math.round(ws),
- (int) Math.round(hs), null);
- }
- draw();
- }
- /**
- * Draw picture (gif, jpg, or png) centered on (x, y), rotated
- * given number of degrees, rescaled to w-by-h.
- * @param x the center x-coordinate of the image
- * @param y the center y-coordinate of the image
- * @param s the name of the image/picture, e.g., "ball.gif"
- * @param w the width of the image
- * @param h the height of the image
- * @param degrees is the number of degrees to rotate counterclockwise
- * @throws RuntimeException if the image is corrupt
- */
- public static void picture(double x, double y, String s, double w, double h, double degrees) {
- Image image = getImage(s);
- double xs = scaleX(x);
- double ys = scaleY(y);
- double ws = factorX(w);
- double hs = factorY(h);
- if (ws < 0 || hs < 0) throw new RuntimeException("image " + s + " is corrupt");
- if (ws <= 1 && hs <= 1) pixel(x, y);
- offscreen.rotate(Math.toRadians(-degrees), xs, ys);
- offscreen.drawImage(image, (int) Math.round(xs - ws/2.0),
- (int) Math.round(ys - hs/2.0),
- (int) Math.round(ws),
- (int) Math.round(hs), null);
- offscreen.rotate(Math.toRadians(+degrees), xs, ys);
- draw();
- }
- /*************************************************************************
- * Drawing text.
- *************************************************************************/
- /**
- * Write the given text string in the current font, centered on (x, y).
- * @param x the center x-coordinate of the text
- * @param y the center y-coordinate of the text
- * @param s the text
- */
- public static void text(double x, double y, String s) {
- offscreen.setFont(font);
- FontMetrics metrics = offscreen.getFontMetrics();
- double xs = scaleX(x);
- double ys = scaleY(y);
- int ws = metrics.stringWidth(s);
- int hs = metrics.getDescent();
- offscreen.drawString(s, (float) (xs - ws/2.0), (float) (ys + hs));
- draw();
- }
- /**
- * Write the given text string in the current font, centered on (x, y) and
- * rotated by the specified number of degrees
- * @param x the center x-coordinate of the text
- * @param y the center y-coordinate of the text
- * @param s the text
- * @param degrees is the number of degrees to rotate counterclockwise
- */
- public static void text(double x, double y, String s, double degrees) {
- double xs = scaleX(x);
- double ys = scaleY(y);
- offscreen.rotate(Math.toRadians(-degrees), xs, ys);
- text(x, y, s);
- offscreen.rotate(Math.toRadians(+degrees), xs, ys);
- }
- /**
- * Write the given text string in the current font, left-aligned at (x, y).
- * @param x the x-coordinate of the text
- * @param y the y-coordinate of the text
- * @param s the text
- */
- public static void textLeft(double x, double y, String s) {
- offscreen.setFont(font);
- FontMetrics metrics = offscreen.getFontMetrics();
- double xs = scaleX(x);
- double ys = scaleY(y);
- int hs = metrics.getDescent();
- offscreen.drawString(s, (float) (xs), (float) (ys + hs));
- draw();
- }
- /**
- * Write the given text string in the current font, right-aligned at (x, y).
- * @param x the x-coordinate of the text
- * @param y the y-coordinate of the text
- * @param s the text
- */
- public static void textRight(double x, double y, String s) {
- offscreen.setFont(font);
- FontMetrics metrics = offscreen.getFontMetrics();
- double xs = scaleX(x);
- double ys = scaleY(y);
- int ws = metrics.stringWidth(s);
- int hs = metrics.getDescent();
- offscreen.drawString(s, (float) (xs - ws), (float) (ys + hs));
- draw();
- }
- /**
- * Display on screen, pause for t milliseconds, and turn on
- * <em>animation mode</em>: subsequent calls to
- * drawing methods such as <tt>line()</tt>, <tt>circle()</tt>, and <tt>square()</tt>
- * will not be displayed on screen until the next call to <tt>show()</tt>.
- * This is useful for producing animations (clear the screen, draw a bunch of shapes,
- * display on screen for a fixed amount of time, and repeat). It also speeds up
- * drawing a huge number of shapes (call <tt>show(0)</tt> to defer drawing
- * on screen, draw the shapes, and call <tt>show(0)</tt> to display them all
- * on screen at once).
- * @param t number of milliseconds
- */
- public static void show(int t) {
- defer = false;
- draw();
- try { Thread.currentThread().sleep(t); }
- catch (InterruptedException e) { System.out.println("Error sleeping"); }
- defer = true;
- }
- /**
- * Display on-screen and turn off animation mode:
- * subsequent calls to
- * drawing methods such as <tt>line()</tt>, <tt>circle()</tt>, and <tt>square()</tt>
- * will be displayed on screen when called. This is the default.
- */
- public static void show() {
- defer = false;
- draw();
- }
- // draw onscreen if defer is false
- private static void draw() {
- if (defer) return;
- onscreen.drawImage(offscreenImage, 0, 0, null);
- frame.repaint();
- }
- /*************************************************************************
- * Save drawing to a file.
- *************************************************************************/
- /**
- * Save onscreen image to file - suffix must be png, jpg, or gif.
- * @param filename the name of the file with one of the required suffixes
- */
- public static void save(String filename) {
- File file = new File(filename);
- String suffix = filename.substring(filename.lastIndexOf('.') + 1);
- // png files
- if (suffix.toLowerCase().equals("png")) {
- try { ImageIO.write(onscreenImage, suffix, file); }
- catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
- }
- // need to change from ARGB to RGB for jpeg
- // reference: http://archives.java.sun.com/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0404&L=java2d-interest&D=0&P=2727
- else if (suffix.toLowerCase().equals("jpg")) {
- WritableRaster raster = onscreenImage.getRaster();
- WritableRaster newRaster;
- newRaster = raster.createWritableChild(0, 0, width, height, 0, 0, new int[] {0, 1, 2});
- DirectColorModel cm = (DirectColorModel) onscreenImage.getColorModel();
- DirectColorModel newCM = new DirectColorModel(cm.getPixelSize(),
- cm.getRedMask(),
- cm.getGreenMask(),
- cm.getBlueMask());
- BufferedImage rgbBuffer = new BufferedImage(newCM, newRaster, false, null);
- try { ImageIO.write(rgbBuffer, suffix, file); }
- catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
- }
- else {
- System.out.println("Invalid image file type: " + suffix);
- }
- }
- /**
- * This method cannot be called directly.
- */
- public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
- FileDialog chooser = new FileDialog(StdDraw.frame, "Use a .png or .jpg extension", FileDialog.SAVE);
- chooser.setVisible(true);
- String filename = chooser.getFile();
- if (filename != null) {
- StdDraw.save(chooser.getDirectory() + File.separator + chooser.getFile());
- }
- }
- /*************************************************************************
- * Mouse interactions.
- *************************************************************************/
- /**
- * Is the mouse being pressed?
- * @return true or false
- */
- public static boolean mousePressed() {
- synchronized (mouseLock) {
- return mousePressed;
- }
- }
- /**
- * What is the x-coordinate of the mouse?
- * @return the value of the x-coordinate of the mouse
- */
- public static double mouseX() {
- synchronized (mouseLock) {
- return mouseX;
- }
- }
- /**
- * What is the y-coordinate of the mouse?
- * @return the value of the y-coordinate of the mouse
- */
- public static double mouseY() {
- synchronized (mouseLock) {
- return mouseY;
- }
- }
- /**
- * This method cannot be called directly.
- */
- public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) { }
- /**
- * This method cannot be called directly.
- */
- public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) { }
- /**
- * This method cannot be called directly.
- */
- public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e) { }
- /**
- * This method cannot be called directly.
- */
- public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
- synchronized (mouseLock) {
- mouseX = StdDraw.userX(e.getX());
- mouseY = StdDraw.userY(e.getY());
- mousePressed = true;
- }
- }
- /**
- * This method cannot be called directly.
- */
- public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) {
- synchronized (mouseLock) {
- mousePressed = false;
- }
- }
- /**
- * This method cannot be called directly.
- */
- public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent e) {
- synchronized (mouseLock) {
- mouseX = StdDraw.userX(e.getX());
- mouseY = StdDraw.userY(e.getY());
- }
- }
- /**
- * This method cannot be called directly.
- */
- public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {
- synchronized (mouseLock) {
- mouseX = StdDraw.userX(e.getX());
- mouseY = StdDraw.userY(e.getY());
- }
- }
- /*************************************************************************
- * Keyboard interactions.
- *************************************************************************/
- /**
- * Has the user typed a key?
- * @return true if the user has typed a key, false otherwise
- */
- public static boolean hasNextKeyTyped() {
- synchronized (keyLock) {
- return !keysTyped.isEmpty();
- }
- }
- /**
- * What is the next key that was typed by the user? This method returns
- * a Unicode character corresponding to the key typed (such as 'a' or 'A').
- * It cannot identify action keys (such as F1
- * and arrow keys) or modifier keys (such as control).
- * @return the next Unicode key typed
- */
- public static char nextKeyTyped() {
- synchronized (keyLock) {
- return keysTyped.removeLast();
- }
- }
- /**
- * Is the keycode currently being pressed? This method takes as an argument
- * the keycode (corresponding to a physical key). It can handle action keys
- * (such as F1 and arrow keys) and modifier keys (such as shift and control).
- * See <a href = "http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/awt/event/KeyEvent.html">KeyEvent.java</a>
- * for a description of key codes.
- * @return true if keycode is currently being pressed, false otherwise
- */
- public static boolean isKeyPressed(int keycode) {
- return keysDown.contains(keycode);
- }
- /**
- * This method cannot be called directly.
- */
- public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {
- synchronized (keyLock) {
- keysTyped.addFirst(e.getKeyChar());
- }
- }
- /**
- * This method cannot be called directly.
- */
- public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
- keysDown.add(e.getKeyCode());
- }
- /**
- * This method cannot be called directly.
- */
- public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {
- keysDown.remove(e.getKeyCode());
- }
- /**
- * Test client.
- */
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- StdDraw.square(.2, .8, .1);
- StdDraw.filledSquare(.8, .8, .2);
- StdDraw.circle(.8, .2, .2);
- StdDraw.setPenColor(StdDraw.BOOK_RED);
- StdDraw.setPenRadius(.02);
- StdDraw.arc(.8, .2, .1, 200, 45);
- // draw a blue diamond
- StdDraw.setPenRadius();
- StdDraw.setPenColor(StdDraw.BOOK_BLUE);
- double[] x = { .1, .2, .3, .2 };
- double[] y = { .2, .3, .2, .1 };
- StdDraw.filledPolygon(x, y);
- // text
- StdDraw.setPenColor(StdDraw.BLACK);
- StdDraw.text(0.2, 0.5, "black text");
- StdDraw.setPenColor(StdDraw.WHITE);
- StdDraw.text(0.8, 0.8, "white text");
- }
- }
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