2015-07-09 Evening: 12 endangered animals and the future

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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Homework: Choose an endangered species. Prepare to explain basic information about the species (for example where does it live? what does it eat?), why did it become endangered?, what would happen if it went extinct?, can you think of any plans or solutions to save the species?
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plagiarism = when you use words from another source (such as Wikipedia) as your own. If you do this in a university class in the United States, you might be kicked out of the university.
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I won’t / I will not - okay
I’ll not - strange

he isn’t = he’s not - okay
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deforestation
global warming / global climate change
man-made ecosystem
NGO = non-governmental organization
sting/stung/stung
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homophones: words with the same sound (but different spelling and meaning) - through/threw
homographs: words with the same spelling (but different pronunciation and meaning) - tear/tear
homonym: words with the same spelling *and* pronunciation (but different meanings) - right/right

She’s right. = She is correct about some information.
She’s alright. = She is fine. She is not sick or injured. She is okay. (comes from “all right”)
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chick/cheek
chip/cheap
ship/sheep
bitch/beach
shit/sheet
hill/heel
mill/meal
will/wheel

The “short i” sound (in “chick”, “ship”, etc.) is more relaxed in your mouth.

beat/bit/bait/bet/bat/bot
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p. 145 - second conditional (present/future unreal conditional)
If I had more money, I would travel every month.
if + [simple past], subj + would + base form (or could/might)

I would travel every month if I had more money.

The meaning is present or future, but the form is simple past (because this is an unreal conditional).
(In many other languages, this kind of conditional uses subjunctive verbs.)
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part 9 - complete the paragraph with the correct forms of the words in parentheses
1 was/were (It is more formal to use “were” for all subjects in second conditional sentences.)
2 would change
3 would become
4 wouldn’t last
5 wouldn’t produce
6 would go up
7 returned
8 would have
If I were rich, I would… (many people consider this grammar to be more correct than “If I was”)
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p. 146 part 8 - will/might
It will rain tonight. - I am pretty sure about this.
It might rain tonight. - I am not sure about this. Maybe it will rain, but maybe it won’t.
(= It may rain tonight. - a little more sure than “might”)

will/may/might/could - these are modals, they always go with the base form of the next verb

I may be late.
*I may am late. (WRONG)
*I could to be late. (ALSO WRONG)
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In ten years, maybe Italy will be better than now.
In ten years, Italy may be better than now. / Italy might be better than now.
In ten years Italy could have less crime.

Ten years ago, Italy used to have more crime.

The crime in Italy might decrease.

In 10 years, I will not be an au pair.
I may search for a new job.
I will be married.
I will have a family. My family will include my husband Rodrigo and our adopted children. We will go to the Pride festival with our children and flags.
In ten years, Italy might have same-sex marriage.