2016-08-30 Grammar: passive voice intro

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - Notes from all my classes
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NO SCHOOL MONDAY SEPTEMBER 5 (Labor Day)
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Homework: p. 159 exercise 10
3 annoyed
4 bored
5 disinterested
6 uninvolved
7 interesting
8 involving
9 engaged (adjective) / engaging (present progressive)
10 confused
11 embarrassed
12 confused
13 worried
14 teacher-challenging
15 insulting
16 surprised
17 mistaken
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The students are bored. = The students are bored by the class. (passive sentence)
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passive = [be] + past participle
The form of “be” can be any tense:

active -> passive
Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa. -> The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci. (past)
The police are arresting Shun. -> Shun is being arrested by the police. (present progressive)
They have built a new bridge. -> A new bridge has been built. (present perfect)
I will teach this grammar again. -> This grammar will be taught again. (simple future)
You can buy this online. -> This can be bought online. (modal)
People might have used it as a calendar. -> It might have been used as a calendar. (perfect modal)

Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa.
subject: Leonardo da Vinci
object (of a verb): the Mona Lisa
agent: Leonardo da Vinci (the person or thing that does the action)
receiver: the Mona Lisa (the person or thing that “receives” the action)

The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci.
subject: the Mona Lisa
object (of a preposition): Leonardo da Vinci
agent: Leonardo da Vinci (the person or thing that does the action)
receiver: the Mona Lisa (the person or thing that “receives” the action)

Subjects and objects change from active to passive, but the agent and receiver are the same.
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p. 49 exercise 2 - Write passive forms of the given verb in the given tense.
1 had been forgotten
2 was established
3 is manufactured
4 is obtained
5 will be required
6 have been discovered
7 is being made
8 had been left
9 was built
10 is produced
11 will have been sent
12 were being noticed
13 will be needed
14 have been forgotten
15 are being studied
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perfect = [have] + past participle
progressive = [be] + verb(ing)
passive = [be] + past participle

perfect progressive = [have] + been + verb(ing)
perfect passive = [have] + been + past participle
progressive passive = [be] + being + past participle

We DON’T generally use perfect progressive passive:
*Shun has been being arrested by the police a lot recently.
(In this case, we would use “get” instead: Shun has been getting arrested by the police a lot recently.)
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Homework: p. 50 exercise 3