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- Greg Malivuk
- http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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- p. 240
- What are some other social networks?
- What are pros and cons of social networking?
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- Modals:
- must
- can could
- shall should
- will would
- may might
- ought to
- had better
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- Similar expressions:
- have to / have got to (like “must”)
- be able to (like “can” and “could”)
- be supposed to (like “should”)
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- I must go. She must go.
- I have to go. She has to go.
- I can go. She can go. They can go.
- I am able to go. She is able to go. They are able to go.
- - modals never change for he/she/it, similar expressions change like normal verbs
- You have to be able to access the Internet. (OKAY)
- You must be able to access the Internet. (OKAY)
- * You must can access the Internet. (WRONG)
- - two modals cannot be used together (the modal must be the first verb)
- Yesterday I had to go to the dentist. (OKAY)
- * Yesterday I musted go to the dentist. (WRONG)
- * Yesterday I must go to the dentist. (WRONG)
- - modals can only mean one or two tenses (similar expressions can be past, present, future, and perfect tenses)
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- p. 247
- Ability: can, could, be able to (I can help you. I could ride a bike at 6. I wasn’t able to send email yesterday.)
- Advice: should, had better, ought to (ought to = should, but it’s more formal and we don’t usually use it in questions or negatives) (had better = more urgent, and there’s some specific negative thing that will happen if you don’t follow my advice)
- Necessity: must, have to, have got to (have got to - only in the present, don’t have to = not necessary (it’s up to you), must not = prohibition)
- Prohibition: must not, can not, may not (“may” = permission, so “may not” sometimes means you don’t have permission to do it)
- Future possibility: may, might, could (questions with “may” are about permission, questions with “might” and “could” are about possibility)
- Conclusions: could, may, might, must (I have some information and I guess about an explanation: She’s not here today so she must be sick. He isn’t answering his phone so he could be taking a nap.)
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- p. 246-247 exercise 1 A and B
- have to complete - necessity
- you must have an email address - necessity
- you must be 13 - necessity
- Do I really have to - necessity
- you will be able to hide - ability
- Do I have to post - necessity
- you ought to give - advice
- Can someone post - ability
- don’t have to ask - necessity
- really ought to get - advice
- Facebook cannot remove - ability / prohibition (sort of)
- you can choose - ability
- There must be some - conclusion (= I believe there are some dangers, I conclude this)
- What should I do - advice
- You must not give - prohibition
- you should never give - advice
- strangers could use - ability / future possibility
- you may encounter - future possibility
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- She must be sick. = This is the only explanation I can believe.
- She could/may/might be sick. = This is a possible explanation. It’s possible she’s sick.
- She may/might not be sick. = This is a possible explanation. It’s possible she isn’t sick.
- She must not be sick. = I don’t believe she’s sick.
- She couldn’t be sick. = This is NOT a possible explanation. It’s impossible that she’s sick.
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- Homework: p. 247-248 exercise 2
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