public function registerBundles()
{
    $bundles = array(
        new OldSoundRabbitMqBundleOldSoundRabbitMqBundle(),
    );
}

old_sound_rabbit_mq:
    connections:
        default:
            host:     'localhost'
            port:     5672
            user:     'guest'
            password: 'guest'
            vhost:    '/'
            lazy:     false
            connection_timeout: 3
            read_write_timeout: 3
            keepalive: false
            heartbeat: 0
            use_socket: true

producers:
    processing_request:
        connection:       default
        exchange_options: {name: 'processing_request', type: direct}

consumers:
    processing_request:
        connection:       default
        exchange_options: {name: 'processing_request', type: direct}
        queue_options:    {name: 'processing_request'}
        callback:         processing_request_service

class ProcessingRequestConsumer implements ConsumerInterface
{
    public function execute(AMQPMessage $msg)
    {
        //фоновый скрипт
        ...
    }
}

./app/console rabbitmq:consumer processing_request -vvv

public function indexAction()
{
    $this->get('old_sound_rabbit_mq.processing_request_producer')->publish('Processing Request...');
    ...
    return $this->json(array('result' => 'success'));
}