2014-12-17 Evening: count/noncount nouns

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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p. 76-77 part C: Vocabulary reinforcement: Word Forms

NOUNS			VERBS			ADJECTIVES

ambivalence		x			ambivalent
fatality		x			fatal
fate
frenzy			x			frenzied
manipulation		manipulate		manipulated/manipulating
manipulator					manipulative
						manipulable
frivolity		x			frivolous
reluctance		x			reluctant
reverence		revere			revered
						reverent
(strike)		strike			stricken
stringence		x			stringent

http://books.google.com/ngrams/
(type words or phrases to see how common they are in books)

1 fatal (adjective)
2 strike (verb)
3 Manipulated (adjective) / Manipulating (gerund)
4 ambivalent (adjective) (reluctant to learn the truth)
5 frenzied (adjective)
6 frivolous (adjective)
7 ambivalence (noun)
8 stringent (adjective)
9 reverence (noun)

collocations: the words that often appear near or together with a particular word
(using a different word sometimes gives an unintended meaning)
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"Countable" and "uncountable" are about the physical things.
Money is countable because I can count my money.
The stars are uncountable because there are too many of them.

"Count" and "noncount" are about the grammar of the words for those things.
"Money" is a noncount noun because the word doesn't have a plural.
"Star" is a count noun because I can say things like, "three stars."

Physical noncount nouns are sometimes called "mass nouns".

I have three dead chickens in my refrigerator. (= the whole animal / "container")
There is some chicken in my sandwich. (= the meat / material)

cheeses / breads / meats / oils = different kinds of each thing
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p. 80 exercise 1
body
- People's bodies are all different. (count)
- Your hair has a lot of body. (It is "big".) (noncount)
impact
- There are many small meteor impacts all the time. (count)
- The news had very little impact on my daily life. (noncount)
wisdom
- She has a lot of wisdom from her years of experience. (noncount)
(In some contexts, count "wisdom" can mean different types of wisdom.)
specimen
- The Harvard Natural History Museum has many insect specimens. (count)
intelligence
- Intelligence is important if you want to do well in school. (noncount)
(The theory of multiple intelligences is about different types of intelligence.)
reluctance
- She felt a lot of reluctance when invited to the party. (noncount)
- A reluctance to share is not a problem. (count, but always singular)
harm
- The meteor impact caused a great deal of harm to wildlife. (noncount)
- "the many harms of excessive drinking" (count = different types of harm)
discrimination
- Minorities face too much discrimination in this country. (noncount)
("discrimination" can mean distinguishing between two different things in some contexts, and then it is countable)
society
- There are many different societies around the world. (count)
- Society expects you to start making money as soon as you finish school. (non-)
state
- There are fifty states in the United States of America. (count)
profile
- There are millions of profiles on Facebook. (count)
knowledge
- My professor has a lot of knowledge about this topic. (noncount)
fatality
- There was a lot of damage, but there were no fatalities. (count)
- Ebola has very high fatality. (noncount) ("lethality" is more common)
  (Usually we say it has a high fatality rate.)
genetics
- Many scientists around the world study genetics. (noncount)
- My genetics aren't very good. Everyone in my family dies young. (count)

exercise 2
1 concerns
2 sciences
3 matters (different topics = different matters)
4 lives
5 evil(s)
6 goods
7 state
8 fatality/fatalities
- It will reduce how dangerous each case of cancer is. (fatality)
- It will reduce how many people die from cancer. (fatalities)
9 material
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Remember: There will be class on Monday *and* Tuesday next week (no Wednesday)
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Homework: grammar book p. 74-75