-- A* pathing system

function CalcMoves(mapmat, px, py, tx, ty)  -- Based on some code of LMelior but made it work and improved way beyond his code, still thx LMelior!
--[[ PRE:
mapmat is a 2d array
px is the player's current x
py is the player's current y
tx is the target x
ty is the target y

Note: all the x and y are the x and y to be used in the table.
By this I mean, if the table is 3 by 2, the x can be 1,2,3 and the y can be 1 or 2.
--]]

--[[ POST:
closedlist is a list with the checked nodes.
It will return nil if all the available nodes have been checked but the target hasn't been found.
--]]

    -- variables
    local openlist={}                               -- Initialize table to store possible moves
    local closedlist={}                     -- Initialize table to store checked gridsquares
    local listk=1                                   -- List counter
    local closedk=0                                 -- Closedlist counter
    local tempH=math.abs(px-tx)+math.abs(py-ty)
    local tempG=0
    openlist[1]={x=px, y=py, g=0, h=tempH, f=0+tempH ,par=1}    -- Make starting point in list
    local xsize=table.getn(mapmat[1])               -- horizontal map size
    local ysize=table.getn(mapmat)                  -- vertical map size
    local curbase={}                        -- Current square from which to check possible moves
    local basis=1                           -- Index of current base

    -- Growing loop
    while listk>0 do

        -- Get the lowest f of the openlist
        local lowestF=openlist[listk].f
        basis=listk
        for k=listk,1,-1 do
            if openlist[k].f<lowestF then
                lowestF=openlist[k].f
                basis=k
            end
        end

        closedk=closedk+1
        table.insert(closedlist,closedk,openlist[basis])

        curbase=closedlist[closedk]              -- define current base from which to grow list

        local rightOK=true
        local leftOK=true                            -- Booleans defining if they're OK to add
        local downOK=true                            -- (must be reset for each while loop)
        local upOK=true

        -- Look through closedlist
        if closedk>0 then
            for k=1,closedk do
                if closedlist[k].x==curbase.x+1 and closedlist[k].y==curbase.y then
                    rightOK=false
                end
                if closedlist[k].x==curbase.x-1 and closedlist[k].y==curbase.y then
                    leftOK=false
                end
                if closedlist[k].x==curbase.x and closedlist[k].y==curbase.y+1 then
                    downOK=false
                end
                if closedlist[k].x==curbase.x and closedlist[k].y==curbase.y-1 then
                    upOK=false
                end
            end
        end

        -- Check if next points are on the map and within moving distance
        if curbase.x+1>xsize then
            rightOK=false
        end
        if curbase.x-1<1 then
            leftOK=false
        end
        if curbase.y+1>ysize then
            downOK=false
        end
        if curbase.y-1<1 then
            upOK=false
        end

        -- If it IS on the map, check map for obstacles
        --(Lua returns an error if you try to access a table position that doesn't exist, so you can't combine it with above)
        if curbase.x+1<=xsize and mapmat[curbase.y][curbase.x+1]~=0 then
            rightOK=false
        end
        if curbase.x-1>=1 and mapmat[curbase.y][curbase.x-1]~=0 then
            leftOK=false
        end
        if curbase.y+1<=ysize and mapmat[curbase.y+1][curbase.x]~=0 then
            downOK=false
        end
        if curbase.y-1>=1 and mapmat[curbase.y-1][curbase.x]~=0 then
            upOK=false
        end

        -- check if the move from the current base is shorter then from the former parrent
        tempG=curbase.g+1
        for k=1,listk do
            if rightOK and openlist[k].x==curbase.x+1 and openlist[k].y==curbase.y and openlist[k].g>tempG then
            tempH=math.abs((curbase.x+1)-tx)+math.abs(curbase.y-ty)
            table.insert(openlist,k,{x=curbase.x+1, y=curbase.y, g=tempG, h=tempH, f=tempG+tempH, par=closedk})
            rightOK=false
            end

            if leftOK and openlist[k].x==curbase.x-1 and openlist[k].y==curbase.y and openlist[k].g>tempG then
            tempH=math.abs((curbase.x-1)-tx)+math.abs(curbase.y-ty)
            table.insert(openlist,k,{x=curbase.x-1, y=curbase.y, g=tempG, h=tempH, f=tempG+tempH, par=closedk})
            leftOK=false
            end

            if downOK and openlist[k].x==curbase.x and openlist[k].y==curbase.y+1 and openlist[k].g>tempG then
            tempH=math.abs((curbase.x)-tx)+math.abs(curbase.y+1-ty)
            table.insert(openlist,k,{x=curbase.x, y=curbase.y+1, g=tempG, h=tempH, f=tempG+tempH, par=closedk})
            downOK=false
            end

            if upOK and openlist[k].x==curbase.x and openlist[k].y==curbase.y-1 and openlist[k].g>tempG then
            tempH=math.abs((curbase.x)-tx)+math.abs(curbase.y-1-ty)
            table.insert(openlist,k,{x=curbase.x, y=curbase.y-1, g=tempG, h=tempH, f=tempG+tempH, par=closedk})
            upOK=false
            end
        end

        -- Add points to openlist
        -- Add point to the right of current base point
        if rightOK then
            listk=listk+1
            tempH=math.abs((curbase.x+1)-tx)+math.abs(curbase.y-ty)
            table.insert(openlist,listk,{x=curbase.x+1, y=curbase.y, g=tempG, h=tempH, f=tempG+tempH, par=closedk})
        end

        -- Add point to the left of current base point
        if leftOK then
            listk=listk+1
            tempH=math.abs((curbase.x-1)-tx)+math.abs(curbase.y-ty)
            table.insert(openlist,listk,{x=curbase.x-1, y=curbase.y, g=tempG, h=tempH, f=tempG+tempH, par=closedk})
        end

        -- Add point on the top of current base point
        if downOK then
            listk=listk+1
            tempH=math.abs(curbase.x-tx)+math.abs((curbase.y+1)-ty)
            table.insert(openlist,listk,{x=curbase.x, y=curbase.y+1, g=tempG, h=tempH, f=tempG+tempH, par=closedk})
        end

        -- Add point on the bottom of current base point
        if upOK then
            listk=listk+1
            tempH=math.abs(curbase.x-tx)+math.abs((curbase.y-1)-ty)
            table.insert(openlist,listk,{x=curbase.x, y=curbase.y-1, g=tempG, h=tempH, f=tempG+tempH, par=closedk})
        end

        table.remove(openlist,basis)
        listk=listk-1

        if closedlist[closedk].x==tx and closedlist[closedk].y==ty then
           return closedlist
        end
    end

    return nil
end

function CalcPath(closedlist)
--[[ PRE:
closedlist is a list with the checked nodes.
OR nil if all the available nodes have been checked but the target hasn't been found.
--]]

--[[ POST:
path is a list with all the x and y coords of the nodes of the path to the target.
OR nil if closedlist==nil
--]]

    if closedlist==nil then
       return nil
    end
     local path={}
     local pathIndex={}
     local last=table.getn(closedlist)
     table.insert(pathIndex,1,last)

     local i=1
     while pathIndex[i]>1 do
        i=i+1
        table.insert(pathIndex,i,closedlist[pathIndex[i-1]].par)
     end

     for n=table.getn(pathIndex),1,-1 do
         table.insert(path,{x=closedlist[pathIndex[n]].x, y=closedlist[pathIndex[n]].y})
     end

     closedlist=nil
     return path
end