webinar-python-exam-review-v4-2021-10-23

# Exam Review 2021 Oct 23

# LABS
# Ch 3-13
# Ch 14-18 not as important
# Ch 19-30 just LABS, but important practice!

# Look at ALL requirements of a question
# CODE must be reusable
# don't be afraid of Submit for Grading...
# different TEST CASES are part of the problem

# Comp 1 Basic syntax and knowledge of operators, data types, etc
# DATA TYPES
# integers... int
# floats
# string... str
# Boolean: True and False
# lists
# dictionaries... dict # nameOfDict[key]
# sets
# tuples
# MODULES... not as much here in v4!
# math
# CSV... a trick: you can ofter use open(), read(), etc

# OPERATORS
# +
# -
# *
# /
# % # modulo... whole number remainder... how many whole things didn't fit?
# // # floor division... modulo and floor division useful in unit conversion
# How many pounds/ounces is 47 ounces?
# print(47//16) # pounds
# print(47%16) # and ounces left over
# ** # math.pow()... not math.exp()
# += # increment
# -= # decrement
# = # assign
# == # comparison, asking a question?
# !=
# not
# <
# >
# <=
# >=
# and
# or
# in # if someItem in someList

# Comp 2: Control Flow Structures
# IF... if, if/else, if/elif/else
# LOOPS
# WHILE -> an IF that repeats as long the condition stay true
# FOR LOOP -> match for a container like a list, etc
# BREAK -- ends the loop, completely
# CONTINUE -- skips to the NEXT ITERATION of the same loop
# for someItem in someContainer:
# for item in myList:
# for item in myString.split():
# FUNCTIONS
# defining vs calling a function
# parameters vs "regular" variables # see webinar on Functions + Methods
# def myFunction(x):
# #     # x = "hey" # don't do it!
# #     # each all will provide a value for x, not me
# return vs print()

# ADVANCED CONTROL FLOW
# Try/Except # Ch 10, see 10.3 and Lab 10.7
# Classes # Ch 13

# BUILT-IN FUNCTIONS
# print()
# input() # str, print(input())
# len()
# range() # loop over the range() of len()
myList = ["Agent Scully", "Agent Mulder", "Walter Skinner", "CSM", "Mr. X"]
# for item in myList:
#     print(item)
# for i in range(len(myList)):
#     print("{}: {}".format(i, myList[i]))
# for i, item in enumerate(myList):
#     print(f"{i} --> {item}")
# enumerate()
# max()
# min()
# sum()
# sorted() # not to be confused list.sort()
# reversed() # not to be confused list.reverse()
# # type()
# int()
# float()
# list() # []
# dict() # {}
# str()
# set()
# tuple()


# help()
# dir()
# help(str)
# print(dir(str))
# help(str.count)
# for item in dir(str):
#     if not item.startswith("__"):
#         print(item, end=" ")

# STRINGS
# 4 ways to build up strings
# + # concatenation "this string" + " this string " + str(4)
# string modulo # "%f" % (3.14)
# "{} is a variable".format(myVar)
# f"{myVar} is a variable"

# SLICES
# a SLICE is an abbreviated copy
myString = "hey"
print(myString[::-1]) # reversed string!

# STRING METHODS (most important methods... there are many others!)
# myString.split()
# myString.format() # or use f strings
# " ".join(someList)
# myString.replace(oldSubString, newSubString)
# myString.upper() or myString.lower()
# myString.isupper()
# myString.count()

# LISTS
# myList.append()
# myList.extend() # add another container's item
# myList.insert(index, item)
# myList.count()
# myList.pop() # by index
# myList.remove() # by value
# myList.sort()
# myList.reverse()
# myList.copy()
# myList.clear()
# myList.index(item) # not as reliable as looping with range() or enumerate()

# SETS most important methods...
# mySet.add()
# mySet.remove() # by value, raise en error if not here
# mySet.discard() # by value, no errors if not there
# mySet.pop() # set pop() takes out a random item

# opening FILES
# good practice here will be Ch 12 Task 4, 7, 8
f = open(filename, "r")
contents = f.read()
f.close()
# or
with open(filename, "r"):
    contents = f.read()

# Let's look at Lab 5.14 and Lab 24.3!