810L09Y

21	BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION
five kingdoms: Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protoctista, Prokaryota
Kingdom Prokaryota
	split into two: the Archaea and the Bacteria
	cells with no nucleus
	DNA exists as a circular 'chromosome'
	smaller circular molecules of DNA called plasmids are often present
	no membrane-bound organelles (e.g. mitochondria, ER)
	ribosomes smaller than in eukaryotic cells
	cell wall containing peptidoglycans
	usually exist as single cells or small groups of cells
Kingdom Protoctista
	is any eukaryote that is not a fungus, plant or animal
	eukaryotic
	mostly single celled, or exist as groups of similar cells
	some have animal-like cells (no cell wall) and are sometimes known as protozoa
	others have plant-like cells (with cellulose cell walls and chloroplasts) and are sometimes known as algae
Kingdom Fungi
	eukaryotic
	do not have chlorophyll and do not photosynthesise - they feed heterotrophically
	simple body form, which may be unicellular or made up of long threads called hyphae (with or without cross walls); large fungi such as mushrooms also have a compacted mass of cells as part of their life cycle
	reproduce by means of spores
	cells have cell walls made of chitin or other substances, not cellulose
	never have cilia or flagella
Kingdom Plantae
	multicellular eukaryotes with cells that are differentiated to form tissues
	some cells have chloroplasts and photosynthesise
	cell walls are always present and are made of cellulose
	cells may occasionally have flagella, for example male gametes in mosses
Kingdom Animalia
	multicellular eukaryotes with cells that are differentiated to form tissues
	do not have chloroplasts and feed heterotrophically
	do not have cell walls
	cells sometimes have cilia or flagella